Project management and communication Research Paper

Undertaking the executives and correspondence - Research Paper Example ategies obviously encourages them to fortify and persuade their colleagues make them a telling chief and capable task supervisor inside an organization. Moreover, having the right stuff to viably control others could be a distinction among progress and disappointment. In this situation, correspondence is critical to a businesss dynamic strategy. In this manner, all the task administrators must have viable relational abilities to begin just as react to all the sorts of correspondence. Besides, the accomplished undertaking supervisors manufacture common associations with their partners and colleagues through undivided attention. In this situation, they can impressively enlarge their organization’s profitability by directing efficient gatherings and business conversations. Along these lines, setting up productive collective affiliations dependent on certainty and regard, accomplishing duty for their vision, and preparing and controlling their colleagues and partners are altogethe r the basic capabilities for todays venture administrators (Learning Tree, 2011). As talked about above, correspondence in venture the board assumes a critical job in keeping all the colleagues and task partners on exact track. Moreover, without powerful correspondence among colleagues and undertaking partners there could be a breakdown in methods that could cause a negative impact on the last item. In this situation, it is the duty of an undertaking administrator to be acquainted with the correspondence strategies worried in effective venture the executives. For this reason, they ought to successfully plan to choose what data requires to be imparted among venture colleagues and different partners. From that point onward, that data ought to be made accessible to all the task partners and guaranteed in a convenient manner. Also, correspondences with venture partners must be overseen such that all the necessities are persuaded just as issues are dependably

Macbeth Themes Essay Example For Students

Macbeth Themes Essay William Shakespeare, in his shocking play Macbeth, written in 1606, performs theunrelenting intensity of duplicity, craziness, and ravenousness which eventually results inthe destruction of Macbeth. Macbeth permitted his craving to become lord overrule hisjudgement which perfectly ended his reality. The play is full ofpestilence and set in Scotland during the eleventh century. In Macbeth,sleeplessness is a significant theme that penetrates the sensational structure. Shakespeare utilizes this weariness to prove the blame of Macbeth, to representsubconscious craziness, and to show an anticipating of terrible what might be on the horizon. Themotif serves to sensationalize the genuine review of how the characters are handlingthe different disasters that happen. At first, the theme of restlessness is usedas a model of anticipating. For instance, in Act II, scene I, Banquo discovers ithard to rest the night Macbeth should execute King Duncan. This isevidence that insidious things will happen all through the play. Moreover, in ActII, scene ii, while Macbeth was murdering Duncan, Malcolm and Donalbain emerged intheir rest. One giggled and the other cried murder. This is theirsleeplessness foretelling since Duncan was dead, despite the fact that the brothersdid not know it yet. Shakespeares utilization of the restlessness theme asforeshadowing permits the peruser to get an idea of what shrewdness will come in thefuture. In addition to the fact that Shake speare uses restlessness for portending he alsouses it as a method of blame. For instance, in Act II, scene ii, Macbeth thinks hehears a voice say, Sleep no more! Macbeth murders rest! This isMacbeth envisioning voices, instructing him not to rest since he is feeling immoraland at risk for Duncans murder. Next, Macbeth is hesitant to rest peacefullybecause he realizes that Duncan is in eager ecstasy(Act III, scene ii). Clearly, Macbeth knows about his bad behavior and feels chargeable that he isking and invigorated, yet just at the penance of Duncan. By utilizing blame to showsleeplessness, Shakespeare shows that a degenerate wrongdoing can just leave the mindunsure and unfit to rest. The most huge part of this theme, however,is how it is utilized to exhibit the craziness of Macbeth and his better half. Forinstance, in Act II, scene iv, Macbeth is at supper with Lennox, Ross, and otherlords. He sees phantoms and is clearly crazy. This demonstrates all the sleepin the world would never free Macbeth from his wrongdoing, he is as of now crushed. Inaddition, Lady Macbeth rest strolls and daydreams a spot of blood on her handsin Act V, scene I. This demonstrates she has gone insane too. She can't sleepbecause she is attempting to expel the spot, which speaks to blame. The solid useof madness as a moving power in the play makes the peruser comprehend thatMacbeth and Lady Macbeth can't free themselves of their malevolent deeds. The playdemonstrates that the inner mind can permit abhorrent things to happen. Thesleeplessness theme is critical in light of the fact that it shows how the characters in theplay manage their burdens. The scary utilization of restlessness added to the guiltof the characters, the portending of wickedness provided a dull sensation, and theirony of craziness indicated that the characters spirits couldn't deal with thecalamitous circumstances. Macbeth couldn't rest since he was too coerce ridden,which in the long run drove him to the limit. Macbeths destiny, anticipated bythe witches, at last made up for lost time to him and after his startlingly sleeplessnights, he was presently fascinated by the endless rest called passing.

Swot Analysis of SubwayEvaluating Marketing Strategies

Question: Talk about theIntroduction to Marketingfor Subway. Answer: Presentation: This specific investigation has given an inside and out review in regards to the significance of advertising plan for propelling another business in an alternate topographical limit like Canberra. According to the case situation, it has been seen that Brad wishes to dispatch a sandwich shop named Zodiac Sandwich in Canberra after having five years involvement with Subway. Previously, propelling a food community in Canberra Brad needs to make a successful circumstance examination for making an arranged and sorted out advertising plan. This specific examination has centered to feature the ecological investigation, contenders examination just as clients examination before opening the sandwich store in Canberra. Industry Overview: It has been seen that Australia has earned $2 billion for inexpensive food items from the year 2011 to 2014. Canberra being the capital of Australia is all around populated territory. Along these lines, food and drink industry will be profoundly perceived in the core of Canberra. That is one of the best reasons of picking Canberra as the chose neighborhood for Brad for propelling a sandwich shop. Chaffey, Smith and Smith (2012) opined that this food and refreshment is one of the most thriving ventures of current time. An enormous number of workers are emphatically related in giving clients administrations. In this way, Brad while propelling another business chose to chosen food industry. Sandwich is a lot of well known inexpensive food that the vast majority of the individuals like to have it at the hour of breakfast. Canberra is established with enormous number of business associations where in excess of 50 percent representatives like to pick bread as their morning meal before goin g into the workplace (Garrigos-Simon et al. 2012). Accordingly, the choice of opening a sandwich shop at the core of Canberra came into the brain of Brad. Factors on Uncontrollable Environment: Because of probably the most fundamental factors the whole procedure of business has genuine been affected. Political, prudent, social, innovative, ecological and lawful components are one of the most conspicuous elements. Political: The world of politics of Canberra is agreeable to propelling food communities. The legislature has actualized a standard of expulsion tax security. Subsequently, the individuals when all is said in done don't show their hesitance for buying nourishments from food focus (Hollensen, 2015). Moreover, after the usage of wellbeing and maturing guideline, the individuals feel made sure about while buying nourishments from close by shop. Affordable: Canberra is monetarily evolved territory. In this manner, individuals don't need to battle for buying nourishments. Furthermore, sandwich is out an out an ease item. Thusly, Zodiac Sandwich would have the option to target both premium clients just as ease clients by propelling this sandwich community. Social: Canberra is comprised with individuals of assorted culture and conviction. Sandwich is the food that is most loved for individuals by and large. Thus, Zodiac Sandwich would get a degree to have a gigantic objective market for this specific industry. Mechanical: Canberra is out an out cutting edge in innovation. The occupants of Canberra are a lot of acclimated with the progression of innovation (Kotler et al. 2015). In this way, Brad would have the option to utilize the notoriety of online networking for advancing items and administrations. Likewise, the creation officials would have the option to utilize cutting edge innovation while delivering the items with the goal that the work cost can be diminished. Ecological and Legal: The earth of Australia is reasonable for processing this sort of cheap food like sandwiches. What's more, every business association of Australia likes to keep up a portion of the major legitimate factors, for example, wellbeing and security act, right to data act, hostile to separation act thus many. Subsequently, individuals don't need to confront tremendous challenges to utilize items and administrations (Wilson Gilligan, 2012). Simultaneously, representatives feel made sure about while working inside the association. Contenders Analysis: Before examining the contenders, Zodiac Sandwich needed to distinguish the name of contenders existing at the core of Canberra from food industry (Thackeray, Neiger Keller, 2012). While assessing the contenders showcase examination, it has been seen that in excess of 100 stores of sandwich are arranged at the close by area of Zodiac Sandwich. In the wake of distinguishing the quantity of contenders, for example, Beef and Barley, Binnys Kathitto, Wokitup, Snack Shack, McDolands and a lot more Brad has come to realize that around 50% of the sandwich shop arranged at Canberra expects to follow brand esteem methodology (McDonald, 2013). Subsequently their objective gathering of widely constrained. Be that as it may, so as to support in the present market alongside those 100 stores Brads Zodiac Sandwich chooses to utilize minimal effort procedure. Thus, individuals of normal salary can manage the cost of the item without any problem. Consequently, the quantity of target bunch for Brads sa ndwich shop would be high. Clients Analysis: Before dissecting the clients, a powerful STP examination is exceptionally significant so as to know the geographic, segment and psychographic target client division alongside the situating of items. According to the geographic division, Brad chose to open the food place in the core of Canberra with the goal that the area can be reasonable for different clients. Individuals from 20 to 50 age gathering of individuals are the objective gathering (Srensen, 2012). A large portion of the representatives working in different associations show their enthusiasm of having sandwich as their morning meal. The items have been chosen to be made so that individuals from different societies and foundations show their enthusiasm for buying nourishments from Zodiac Sandwich. What's more, Brad will in general select the clients of normal pay level with the goal that individuals from different societies and strict foundations can show their enthusiasm for buying items and administrations (Terpstra, Fol ey Sarathy, 2012). SWOT Analysis: Before directing a showcasing plan an interior ecological is profoundly significant so as to know the quality, shortcoming, openings and dangers of Zodiac Sandwich for propelling the business in Canberra. Quality Request of food and refreshment industry in Canberra Request of sandwich particularly as the morning meal for individuals when all is said in done, be it an understudy or a hierarchical representative Business to client selling process with no help of merchants Shortcoming Lacking capital of Brad for extending the business Little framework as Brad has fired the wings up The shop is arranged in the midst of 100 inexpensive food stores in Canberra Openings To extend the business procedure all over Australia by giving quality item to the clients To increase authoritative picture and notoriety by keeping up a successful client assistance connection at the work environment Dangers Contenders advertise procedure is one of the significant dangers for Brad. As Zodiac Sandwich is only a new company, the association needs now and then for picking up clients dependability The ubiquity of other food habitats arranged in Canberra has become a significant danger to make an equivalent market interest for Zodiac Sandwich. Table 1: SWOT examination (Source: Westwood, 2013) End: This specific investigation has given a profound understanding with respect to the significance of a successful advertising plan before beginning a business. Brad before opening a sandwich shop at the core of Canberra might want to direct a showcasing plan dependent on which the business master would comprehend the present market request. So as to assess the market, Zodiac Sandwich has kept up powerful contenders investigation, clients examination, SWOT investigation and PESTEL investigation. So as to isolate the objective marker STP investigation has likewise been led for Zodiac Sandwich. By investigating the market division, Brad has come to realize that individuals from 20 to 50 age gathering of normal salary level would need to be focus so as to make an interest in market of Canberra in the midst of 100 cheap food habitats. Reference List: Chaffey, D., Smith, P. R., Smith, P. R. (2012).eMarketing eXcellence: Planning and upgrading your computerized showcasing. Routledge. Garrigos-Simon, F. J., Lapiedra Alcam, R., Barber Ribera, T. (2012). Informal communities and Web 3.0: their effect on the administration and promoting of organizations.Management Decision,50(10), 1880-1890. Hollensen, S. (2015).Marketing administration: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Kotler, P., Burton, S., Deans, K., Brown, L., Armstrong, G. (2015).Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU. McDonald, M. H. (2013). Ten boundaries to advertising planning.Journal of Product Brand Management. Srensen, H. E. (2012).Business Development: a market-situated point of view. John Wiley Sons Ltd. Terpstra, V., Foley, J., Sarathy, R. (2012).International promoting. Naper Press. Thackeray, R., Neiger, B. L., Keller, H. (2012). Coordinating Social Media and Social Marketing A Four-Step Process.Health advancement practice,13(2), 165-168. Westwood, J. (2013).How to compose a promoting plan. Kogan Page Publishers. Wilson, R. M., Gilligan, C. (2012).Strategic promoting the board. Routledge.

Principles of Economics Essay

Italy is one of modern nations on the planet in European. As per Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (28 May 2009), Italy has two segments of economy; one is created modern north and less-created with high joblessness in south. In 2008, the joblessness rate in Italy was evaluated with 6. 8%, particularly in horticulture. In the current monetary emergency, numerous organizations stall out in money related challenges so they couldn't give work and pay enough pay for representatives. It prompts representatives excusal and laborers become joblessness. In some different cases, individuals lose their employments by their aptitudes are insufficient with work prerequisite and by numerous capricious reasons, in particular characteristic disaster, seismic tremor, torrent. Joblessness is one of the most mainstream issues in numerous nations everywhere throughout the world. High joblessness rate makes terrible impacts on national economy as well as everyday environment of residents. Individuals are eager to work yet they can not secure any position. They would need to diminish their requests with the goal that efficiency of firms additionally diminishes. Joblessness likewise influences to some different factors, for example, wellbeing, instruction, protection, and so forth. In numerous nations, the Government attempts to control joblessness rate viably. As a result of joblessness circumstance, the Government needs to spend more cash on contributing and buying merchandise and ventures made by firms to build efficiency in a brief timeframe. This area called Government consumption or Government spending. The more the Government spends on firms, the better the organization could be. Additionally, the Government likewise needs to spend a gigantic measure of cash on building schools, medical clinics and improving traffic framework every year. Particularly, the Government would be in control when there is any difficult that impacts common living, for example, neediness, informative infections, cataclysmic events and other social government aides for vagrant kids and elderly individuals. Outline OF THE ARTICLE: A tremor in Italy. â€Å"Death in the mountains† The article is about a seismic tremor occurred in L’Aquila, Italy as of late which caused in any event 250 cases demise; more than 1,000 harmed, lost 39 habitants of Onna single town and 13,000 structures harmed, (incorporated the noteworthy and masterful landmarks). Plus, there is 17,000 individuals got destitute and the quantity of the individuals who can't come back to their homes until having been examined is maybe upwards of 70,000. These numbers show that Italy all in all and its economy specifically is confronting a major difficulty. How does Italy manage this? Mr Silvio Berlusconi, the Minister of Economy and Finance of Italy right off the bat declared a dispatch of 14,500 tents for the destitute subsequent to visiting to the region and those individuals are being thought about by the legislature. He additionally chose to decrease offers of remote assistance regardless of the size of the harm is overwhelming and the open obligation is surpassing the yearly GDP of Italy. In addition, he planned to tap European Union assets just as going through some money for the development venture as a reaction to the financial emergency. Joblessness: Unemployment is basically known as individuals who are at the work age however as of now jobless, the individuals who are capable and ready to work yet can't get a new line of work or the individuals who quit their place of employment or being terminated for certain reasons. High joblessness makes terrible influence for the day to day environment of individuals as well as for the national economy. There are two sorts of joblessness: †¢ Disequilibrium joblessness is which happens when the normal genuine pay rate is higher than the point that compares the total interest and the flexibly of work. †¢ Equilibrium joblessness is which happens when there are individuals unfit or reluctant to secure positions. Applying to Italy economy, as per Italica news, the joblessness rate in Italy is very high, 7. 1 percent in quarter 4 of 2008. What's more, as referenced over, the as of late seismic tremor presents to Italy a major difficulty that it murdered individuals, decimated their homes, work spots, and subsequently, individuals abruptly become destitute, jobless. This effects to the living of individuals as well as leads the economy of Italy into profound downturn. Joblessness happens. Italy instance of joblessness is kind of disequilibrium joblessness: the quake devastated the work places, individuals clearly lose employments, in addition, when the structures fallen or are harmed, firms need to burn through cash on modify and fix things, in this way there will be a curtailed creation and on the quantity of work (request inadequate) and accordingly, the quantity of joblessness goes high (gracefully is higher than request), there is excess of work in Italy. Furthermore, this case can likewise be considered as frictional joblessness (a kind of harmony joblessness) in light of the fact that individuals are not willfully find employment elsewhere yet they are made excess and losing their work places. Also, utilizing the roundabout progression of salary will help clarify better how the seismic tremor influences the economy of Italy. At the point when individuals become joblessness, they will in general cut back their utilization (residential utilization merchandise and administration diminishes), begin sparing, along these lines, the organizations bring down their efficiency (national salary diminishes, net sparing increment). The Government will diminishes charges (net assessments decline), in contract, to revamp things, the speculation and government consumption will increment. The fare consumption and import use will diminish in light of the fact that tremor influences a ton on the travel industry of Italy as it devastated numerous antiquated structures of Italy and make this spot a wreck. (Y) (C) (I) (G) (X) (S) (T) (M) Present moment AND LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKES ON ITALY’S ECONOMY 1. Transient impacts †¢ Demand Curve P Supply bend move P1 Equilibrium P2 New Equilibrium New interest bend Demand bend Q2 Q1 Q Actually, due to firmly tremor annihilation, citizens’ lives are influenced. They live basically base on awards and cash that draw from the bank. The interest will diminish and bend move to one side so make another lower harmony. In this trouble, the organization can't forestall the business since individuals don’t need to go through cash. This change will exacerbate an impact to financial that despite everything got loads of issue. †¢ Circular Flow of Income Corruption (I) (G) (X) (Y) (C) (S) (T) (M) Transfer Payments Corruption Properly, the quake affected legitimately and emphatically to economy of Abruzzo locale just as GDP of Italy in 2009. Apply to the round progression of pay: Initially, individuals lost their homes and properties with the goal that the utilization of products and enterprises will diminish; after that the national pay additionally diminishes in light of the fact that organizations were crumpled by the tremor obliteration and the interest is lower. Firms would create less carry the cost to higher. Also, the sparing will diminish at the inadvertent area since individuals don't have such a lot of cash and increment in another spots on the grounds that the cost is higher, individuals much of the time set aside cash. Because of the falling of interest, banks and financial specialists will keep cash, spend less into the venture. Thirdly, government use must to spend an immense sum for modifying the framework, to be specific open transportation, pipelines, and power. In addition, the exchange installment is spent on joblessness, discovering passing and survivors under the vestiges, mitigating vagrants, giving beverages, food and clinical medicines. After the tremor, the organizations tumbled down; numerous employments lost; L’Aquila is the old city with acclaimed engineering, the travel industry is vigorously influenced so the tax assessment will diminish. Additionally, the debasement happened that cause the round progression of pay to decrease and littler and could be broken. To summarize, the round of pay is straightforwardly influenced by tremors just as catastrophic events. The answer for that difficult despite everything has numerous hindrances; Italy government and President Berlusconi must buckle down. 2. Long haul impacts. Tremor straightforwardly influenced certain macroeconomics factors incorporate regular assets, physical capital, human capital and innovation. Generally, the negative effects will be determined to the brief timeframe, yet positive impacts likewise are arranged forever. Initially, the characteristic assets is annihilated that have terrible effects the financial rely upon the travel industry like L’Aquila in no time, yet in the long haul, it contribute new scenes normally in pulling in individuals to come. Second, the physical capitals are fell and governments, financial specialists will put cash to assemble new ones quick and emphatically supplant the old. For instance, President and parliament intend to construct â€Å"British-style† new town in L’Aquila, make it progressively present day and prepared to create. The frameworks will give individuals the occupations in building and fixing. It influences on human capital who are joblessness and destitution in view of the debacle. Last, government will spend more to broaden the conjecture frameworks, cause it to turn out to be progressively exact and quicker in seeing the tremors. Unquestionably, negative or beneficial outcomes rely for the most part upon conditions. With the high position of debasements, open obligations and the downturn of national economy; Italy will put forth loads of attempts on turn round the turn of events and increment % GDP. Debasement: Corruption is an unavoidable truth around the globe, shows up in all nations with low, medium or even high-pay economy. Defilement prompts imbalance, squandered assets and squandered open cash. Defilement rises one of the most difficult issues inside Italian economy other than high pace of joblessness and open obligation, and it is connected personally with criminal association known as mafia. There are some various kinds of debasement, for example, pay off, coercion, tax avoidance, official wrongdoing, and so forth. (Free Commission Against Corruption. ) yet inside this work and the given contextual investigation we simply notice debasement in Italian open works. Straightforwardness International’s 2008 Bribe Payers’ Inde

Take Me Back to Tech (Guest Entry)

Take Me Back to Tech (Guest Entry) by Donald Guy Oh I wish that I were back again at Tech.. Well, we all heard the Chorollaries beautiful renditions of the Engineers Drinking Song, but there is another traditional MIT song (this one in the Logs standard repertoire) that (at least in bits) more accurately expresses a lot of prefroshs current feelings. This is quite seriously how I am feeling at the moment. Like a lot of prefrosh, I am dealing with a lot of senioritis (yes, there is a wikipedia article on it) and Im ready to head back to the tvte. Though I have some great friends here at home (many whom I will miss dearly), I feel like I have friends at (and soon to be at) MIT who I already miss. Since this is ostensibly a CPW entry, I guess I should talk about my CPW. Overall, my CPW was pretty tame. Keep in mind this is saying tame for CPW this is a lot like saying west campus people are normal (they are, for MIT). In any case, for a trip to my new favorite place, the beginning was less than glorious. It can be summed up well in one picture yea -_- Due to nice fog, my plane to Boston never touched down, so I went to Boston from Virgina Beach by way of Atlanta. While displacment is a vector, time is a scalar, so I caught the shuttle and arrived on campus a lot latter than intended (noonish rather than nineish). Over the weekend, the rest of my schedule has been covered by a lot of the other entrants: I was, at times, in the chat group with Omar (in the picture of the cameras, mine is the orange camera phone) I was there for Chriss head injury I went to the CSAIL presentation, 6.02 class, and EECS open house, Ball Drop and many other things where Karen could be found. (In general, her longer blog here closely follows my CPW experience (especially thursday, friday), though somehow I never actually met her) I went to see Roadkill Buffet like Joey C. Like lots of people, I was there for the Icebreakers, festival, Meet the Bloggers etc. Though I didnt play Underground CTF, I did play BCs CTF on Thursday night So, I wont bore you with too much redundant recounting. Quickly here are some pictures/videos I have to add (in roughly chronological order): the housing/dining info session The real beauty of CPW 4th East (Slugfest)s Iron Curtain music visulization project The poor orientation hosts who were in charge of running ice breakers on the chat group (and the one poor guy in the group who wasnt a chat person) The obligatory picture from the roof of Baker (before the party) A nearly empty infinite corridor at 2am on Thursday (Random Standard Time) Our hard-hatted tour group at the new grad dorm where the so-called Phoenix/W1 Incubator group will live for two years. Will U, Kimberly S 12 and I were the only prefrosh to go on the tour of the dorm. It was a really nice (albeit under construction) facility and really will afford the people who go for it great opportunities to jump-start the culture of the former-Ashdown house. That said, Im not sure if I can handle living one place 2 years (WAAY off campus) and another 2 years some place else, both new. For those of you who are adventurous, its definitely worth looking into. 6.02 Lecture on Variable Length Encoding. Very interesting and I actually understood it and learned a lot. Some (anti-)VI propaganda handed out at the EECS open house. (Note: free shirts that Omar didnt get!) The sounds (and almost sights) of the Ball Drop Snively + Me + Colberts my ______ friend pose = AMAZING PICTURE! (if only camera didnt ruin it) Random Halls flying cow. You can hear part of a Random Hall tour in the background As even these few meager pictures show, I had an awesome time at CPW. Keep in mind also that during some of the most awesome times, I was too busy (or forbidden hint) to be taking pictures. For example, during the GBIS A cappella concert, I was literally too awed by the awesome groups (several of which Id love to be a part of), to snap a picture. During the Roadkill Buffet performance (which I forewent Battle of the Bands for), I was much too busy laughing. By far the funniest moment to me, although it may not translate well to text, was during a game in which they had to interject phrases the audience wrote before the show into a scene, Actor 1: *pulls phrase from pocket* GERANIUM URANIUM! Actor 2: Yea, I remember man. Thats what we called you in high school. Everyone was afraid of the Geranium Uranium. I remember they called me *pulls phrase* Lions and Tigers and Bears Oh My! Actor 1: yep, we used to call you LTBOM for short .. I laughed to the point of tears (I think you had to be there). Overall, however, I find myself wanting more. Not more from CPW, but more from MIT I need more of MIT soon. This is partially my fault. I enrolled before CPW, so I wasnt running to make sure it was all for me and I feel like I left some things undone. I never saw Simmons nor Senior Haus; I hung out with the chat group a lot and, in doing so, didnt meet that many completely new people (though I actually probably am now best friends with some of the chat people I knew least before the weekend), and I feel like I probably slept too late. The larger cause of this yearning, however, lies squarely in the nature of CPW. CPW was MIT in super-condensed form and, as much as we tried, one simply couldnt experience it all. This isnt really a problem, but it does have a serious side effect: MIT Addiction. I want to go back ASAP. I realize that real MIT life involves a lot of tooling, but Im ready to face that for the rest of it (plus I actually love learning, so maybe psets wont always be torture) (one can hope). I feel ready to learn, ready to tool, ready to punt, ready to hack (if the occasion arises). And yet orientation is 4 months and 3 days away. Being the smart one I am (I got into MIT!), I know that there is still a LOT of fun to enjoy here in my senior year. I will continue to keep that in mind, but like a lot of prefrosh, I find myself singing Take Me Back to Tech. So hoorah for technology, ology, ology oh. ^__^ Until August, ~Donald Guy 12

The Beloved Country Cries in Pain - Literature Essay Samples

Written at the pinnacle of South Africas social and racial crisis, Alan Patons novel Cry, the Beloved Country traces the struggle of two families, black and white, through their shared suffering and the devotion to their beloved country that unites them in the end. Paton thoughtfully weaves his plot to show the diverse populations differing viewpoints on many social issues, mostly through the eyes of the main characters. His unique sense of style manifests, however, through his use of intercalary chapters, chapters in the novel which in no way contribute to the storyline, but rather exemplify the terrible social situations in parts of South Africa unknown to the main characters and, therefore, the reader. The book is, in essence, politically allegorical. Paton offers the fictional story of a humble black priest and an enlightened white mans final harmonization, through which a former wasteland returns to fertility, to reveal to the rest of South Africa that all hope for the future is not lost.A description begins the novel: there is a lovely road that runs from Ixopo into the hills. These hills are grass-covered and rolling, and they are lovely beyond any singing of it. The author speaks of the beauty of Africa, but rapidly the tone changes into that of despair: But the rich hills break downfor they grow red and bare; they cannot hold the rain and mist, and the streams are dry The symbolic redness of the earth signifies blood; a land formed in the bloodshed of war; a nation bleeding in anguish at the degradation of her people.A simple country priest, Stephen Kumalo, lives this degradation; everywhere, his small village of Ndotsheni is dying. The traditional tribe is disintegrating, the chief a meaningless figurehead, and the real power replaced with the white mans authority: Christianity. The village is made of old men and old women, of mothers and children, because the able-bodied youth are leaving. The maize hardly reaches the height of a man Kumalo laments, always saying more than just words. Food becomes scarcer as the land grows sicker, and with no food in the rural areas, the native people leave their ancestral homes and travel to what they believe is opportunity: the great city of Johannesburg. It is there that utter moral corruption sets in, for those who go to Johannesburg never come back.Stephen Kumalo experiences this knowledge first-hand, through his sister, Gertrude, who left to find her husband who also never returned from the city, and his own son, Absalom, who went looking for work and eventually just stopped writing. With the arrival of a mysterious letter speaking of Gertrudes desperate need for help, Kumalo embarks upon a quest to Johannesburg hoping to discover the whereabouts and situation of his lost family.A naive man, he is shocked by what he finds there, and how the city has betrayed the native people into depravity. Illegal alcohol, prostitution, thievery, and even murder abound among the natives in the writhing cesspool of Johannesburg. Yet even through this, Kumalo is able to find a friend in a fellow priest Msimangu, and together they begin to search for the remnants of the old mans kin. Gertrude, to his dismay, has become no exception to this rule: she is a prostitute, selling her body for money, because she has no other means by which to support herself and her son. Upon discovery, however, she immediately repents her sinful ways, giving Kumalo hope that perhaps Absalom, too, will see the light when found. But his son is not found, not at least, until it is too late. Retracing Absaloms steps, the elderly priest is confronted by the frightening truths of the citys wretchedness: he searches through junkyard Shanty Towns where the unemployed live in pitiful houses made from scraps of tin, and through crowded rent-houses filled with prostitutes, thieves, and frightened people. Fear pervades throughout this first part of the novel; whites afraid of the blacks, blacks afraid of the whites, a nd blacks even afraid of each other. It is in desperate fear that Kumalo finally finds his son. Absalom, a former perpetrator of petty crimes, has finally committed the greatest sin of all: murder, ironically, the murder of a white man most committed to helping the impoverished blacks, Arthur Jarvis. The grief-stricken priest must find a lawyer for his son and prepare for the possibility of the death sentence if Absalom were to be convicted. The trial is filled with injustice, from minor representations of early apartheid, such as different seating areas for whites and blacks, to the actual results of the case: Absalom Kumalo is sentenced to death, even though the murder was unintentional, a robbery gone bad, and Absalom had fired only out of fear. At any other time period, murder without malice would have been confined to a sentence of manslaughter. The author makes it clear that most likely, the unfair sentence was due to the fact that with apartheid, a black man murdering a white man deserves none but the ultimate punishment.But with death comes rebirth. Kumalo can only take some joy that his sons girlfriend is with child, and eagerly wants to return to Ndotsheni with Kumalo, away from the perversions of the city. This unborn child, along with Gertrudes son, gives the reader a first glimpse of hope in the younger generation; instead of leaving the village to go to the city and be corrupted, children from the city are returning to their homelands and back to morality.Book II opens with a description similar to the opening of the novel describing Ndotsheni: there is a lovely road that runs from Ixopo into the hills. However, this is where the similarity ends. This description moves not from the hills into the barren valleys, but rather up on the tops, where the grass is rich and matted, and there is one of the finest farms of (the) countryside. It is called High Place, where the father of Arthur Jarvis, James, coincidentally lives, literally neighbors with th e starving village of Ndotsheni.James Jarvis plays an increasingly important role by the end of Books II and III, as his relationship with the Zulu pastor becomes closer, brought together by the mutual respect of having both, in one way or another, lost a son. Ironically, it is only through Arthur Jarvis death, that James Jarvis, upon perusal of his sons manuscripts on native crime, begins to question his own views on the native question. The elder Jarvis, having never before taken his son very seriously, feels a quiet obligation to his sons memory to understand what he believed in. He reads about Abraham Lincoln, the great emancipator, who freed the black slaves in America almost a century earlier. He also reads the many articles his son wrote, and about the activist organizations Arthur was a part of, and feelings of forgiveness begin to replace the hatred in his heart. Throughout the novel and with his sons death, James Jarvis is faced with a crossroads: he could take the path of revenge and therefore destruction; or, the path of forgiveness, making something positive out of such a tragedy. Jarvis chooses forgiveness, and thus begins the restoration, in some small way, of South Africa.In Johannesburg, Jarvis donates a large amount of money to his sons favorite foundation, dedicated to helping the black population. Back in Ndotsheni, Jarvis realizes why infertility engulfs the land, that is, the Zulus do not have the agricultural knowledge to correctly farm, being a naturally nomadic people. He immediately hires a knowledgeable agricultural instructor, to teach the people how to farm. This is a first step towards restoring the tribe, as now with food and work in the fields, the youth can stay with their families. He promises a new church, reaffirming the role of religion and spirituality in the villagers lives.Near the end of the novel, Arthur Jarvis son, staying with his grandfather, comes to visit and talk Zulu with Stephen Kumalo. The boy, hearing that th e children are sick because they have no milk to drink, rides away and milk is delivered the next day to the dying children, saving many lives. The boy represents the hope for the younger white generation. He is interested in Zulu culture, not destroying it, and actually cares about the welfare of the black children. He is clearly his fathers son.The final scene of the novel symbolically illustrates fertility and rebirth returning to the land, through the different colors of Africa uniting together and achieving an ultimate good in the face of destruction. The titihoya, a rare bird who cries only in fertile areas, awakens and takes flight. Light and dark imagery contrast, with light representing knowledge and awakening: Yes, it is dawn that has come, as it has come for a thousand centuries, never failing. Ndotsheni is still in darkness, but it will come there also. The dawn also represents a dawn of a new age, impressing upon the reader that peace is possible with total love and for giveness, but when, why, that is a secret.

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