Literary Analysis Of Still I Rise - 788 Words

â€Å"Still I Rise†, written by African-American writer Maya Angelou, includes a character who rises â€Å"Up from a past that’s rooted in pain.† No matter what words are said against her, lies are told about her, threats are made towards her, or words are written against her, she takes the past and uses it to fuel her confidence. The way she writes creates a deep sense of pride and feeling, while giving the poem life and helping the audience realise that they, too can rise. The diction, literary devices, and theme help the speaker portray her feelings about the topic of oppression in her experience. The poem’s diction reflects the context and a confident, assertive tone. The speaker expresses a high level of self-respect and assurance. It includes†¦show more content†¦By using her own skills, the speaker shows that her people do have talents. In the last stanza, the speaker says â€Å"I am the dream and the hope of the slave.† After slavery was abolished, Black Americans had hope for the future. However, they soon realized: systemic oppression would keep them down. Nonetheless, the speaker still has hopes and dreams which are continued and pursued through herself. The poem does not only express the rising of the speaker alone, but also of the people she represents. Using the word â€Å"I† can also inspire those who are going through difficult situations. For example, someone who is being bullied is forced to repeat self-affirmations, which can make them feel more confident. The wording before the shift proves the same subject while deliberately avoi ding direct repetition. No matter what, her strength will never subside, and readers should feel the same. A variety of literary devices are used in this poem. After the shift, she repeats the phrase â€Å"I rise† for emphasis. Similes show how strong and persevering the speaker is. She compares herself to dust. No matter how many times you clean, dust will always come back. She even compares herself to the sun and moon, which surely rise each morning and night, to prove her confidence. The poem also uses hyperbole and personification. It says: â€Å"You may shoot me with your words,/You may cut me withShow MoreRelatedStill I Rise by Maya Angelou Literary Analysis Essay756 Words   |  4 PagesIn the poem ‘Still I Rise’ by Maya Angelou, the poet uses repetition, metaphors and similes to express to her audience about how she has overcome racism in her life through demonstrating a strong, proud and defiant attitude to inspire others. The poet uses repetition of the word ‘rise’ to show that she has overcome and risen above racism. 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Recommendation Management and Staff Directory Free Essays

Recommendation Since, the problem at Sundale Club has begun when Ellis hired her close friend Chuck Johnson. Ellis action was bias when Havens reported about Johnson misbehavior, then after Haven was fired. Afterward the whole organization was in turmoil. We will write a custom essay sample on Recommendation: Management and Staff Directory or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore the director of Sundale Clube should do something unless the organization will fall. There is several ways which would recover Sundale Club. 1). Restructure of staff directory. Look closely to Sundale Club staff directory, it is look very centralization which help Ellis, who has authority in important decision making on her department. Moreover Watts has lost his fire to run the Sundale Club. Nevertheless as the director Watts should done something to prevent the organization before he retire. Watts should changes the staff directory to, Board of director President VP Athletic VP Marketing VP Finance Manager Marketing Manager Finance Asst. Athletic Since Sundale Club is the largest athletic/social in the city. Centralization structure is not suitable for such large organization. Therefore Watts should change to decentralization; from this structure he can balance the power or authority among the top managers. Even though decentralization structure takes longer time on decision making, but it ensures that the organization will not go to the wrong path or fall into big problem as it was. 2). Hire new mangers or management’s team. As Sundale Club has changed its structure, next step, Sundale Club should recruit new management’s team. Watts might promote Carol and Ellis to the board director and he himself could take the president position as well. As social activities is the main income for the organization. Therefore social department Sundale can place it under marketing department. Sundale have to hire financial and marketing management teams. At athletic department, Sundale may put Pat in the VP athletic, since she has worked here for nine years, and Mercer may take the Haven position. Sundale should fire Johnson; because since he gets in the organization he makes his colleagues feel uncomfortable and most important is a lot of customers withdraw from being Sundale membership. 3). Rebuild the organization culture and gaining customers trust back. Sound difficult if Sundale have to rebuild its culture, but since Sundale has hire new management team, it’s become easier because new employees or managers do not know the Sundale culture yet. There for it is a good time to rebuild its culture. Moreover Sundale has to gain back its customers trust. Since there was a rumor about Johnson’s homosexual behavior in the organization and it will flow to the city too. How to cite Recommendation: Management and Staff Directory, Papers

Emotions In The Workplace And Its Effects †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Emotions In The Workplace And Its Effects. Answer: Introduction Personal emotions and feelings can have significant and long-lasting impacts upon the performance of an employee in the organization. Emotions can be defined as a strong feeling that a person feels in certain specific situations, circumstances or from the relationship with another person. Emotions are heavily influenced by the mood of a person and can vary significantly within a very short span of time. Emotions are among the defining traits of a human being and are made up of the feelings of a person rather than her or his thoughts (Ashkanasy Daus, 2002). An employees overall emotions and temperament have significant effects upon the persons decision making skills, leadership and performance in general. Interpersonal relationships among the employees also gets affected by the emotions that a person is feeling (Demerouti, Bakker Halbesleben 2015). However important are the emotions of the employee, they are almost always overlooked by the senior management or seldom discussed about the negative impacts of emotions on the productivity of the employees. This situation must be changed immediately and more emphasis must be put on the psychological wellbeing of an employee. There are several ways and strategies that can be adopted to make sure that the employees are giving their best and no emotional externalities are creating any problems for their work (Ashkanasy Daus, 2002). Employees are often required to provide for mental and physical services that are not part of their regular duties. In such cases, employees have to put in extra efforts. The following paper looks into the various aspects of emotion of a person and how may that be related to the workplace. Every person is faced with different conditions and situations in the workplace and this can severely affect the mood of the person, leading her or him to feel in many different ways. These moods and emotions, in turn, can affect the productivity levels of the employees at the workplace in either positiv e or negative manner, which is going to be discussed in the current paper along with the concepts of emotional labour. Employees are often burdened with the extra duties by the organisation itself or due to certain situations that may arise suddenly at the workplace, which may require them to feel strong emotions and this may also have effects on their behaviour. Such emotional labour can have seriously harmful effects on employees (Ashkanasy Daus, On Hochschild 2002). The following discussion looks into the emotional aspects of the employees and tries to establish a connection between the workplace productivity of an employee. Furthermore, the discussion also delves deeper into the aspect of how emotion affects the workplace productivity of the employees. The discussion uses the concepts of affective events theory (AET), that tries to explain the connections between emotions that an employee feels in the workplace and the level of job performances. It is a cause-effect relationship that is designed to portray the effects of job environment, the nature of the job and its demands and the required nat ure of emotional labour on the employee performance. Moreover, daily issues related to work and the current mood of the employee may also have positive or negative effects on the employees. Motivations of a person often decide how will the person behave and how effective will the results of the employees actions be for the benefit of the organization. It has been observed that an organization which has relaxed and mentally stable employees, who experience positive emotions, generate better profit results (Barsade Gibson, 2007). Most organizations rely on a strict work culture and norm, which is always making its decisions based on the market condition and not being more customer-oriented. A growing quantity of psychological researches has shown that this market condition focused decision making may actually be harmful to the organizations and it may have negative impacts on the productivity of the employees as opposed to helping them to work better. On the other hand, positivity an d positive emotions are sure to bring better results for the organizations which look after the mental wellbeing of their employees as well as ensuring their physical safety (Diefendorff, Croyle Gosserand, 2005). What most companies fail to understand is that, even though pressure and stress can indeed help employees to perform well, for some time, the harms of it are immense and the long-term effects of these can prove to be negatively effective. Every employee of an organization has the ability to contribute to the organizational operations in either a positive or a negative way. It is essential for organizations to ensure that their employees can work in a stress-free, relaxed environment. It is a fact that the organization cannot possibly control or contain the personal problems that an employee faces or any issues that are related to the employees family (Gibson Callister, 2010). Feeling different emotions at work is inevitable and is a common thing for every employee. For this matter, it is normal that they would also be experiencing a surge of emotions every once in a while as well (H?lsheger Schewe, 2011). These emotions need to be channelized and made sure that only the productive parts of these emotions are put to use by the employees so that they can the most beneficial for the organisation from which both the parties can gain something. With negative emotions, there may be some serious problems that are faced by the stakeholders of any company. It is not only the employees themselves who are affected by the negative aspects of emotional labor, but entire teams and even the whole organisation may be adversely affected (Judge, Woolf Hurst, 2009). Positive and negative emotions must be kept at a balance, so that none of these have overwhelming effect on the employee. It must be remembered that no emotion in abundance can be good for anyone. With this in mind, both the aspects of emotions have to be maintained properly. Even too much positive emotions can cause harm to the employees by making more chances for employee exploitation. Every human being experiences different emotions. In most cases, these emotions are not revealed fully to others, some parts of those are always kept secrets as they are extremely personal. Deep acting is often described to explain these situations, where a person is thinking specifically and is focused upon a single emotion particularly. Deep acting can be disastrous when the basic emotions that are being felt by the employee are negative (Ashkanasy, Ayoko Jehn 2014). This would even effect how the employee behaves with, or treats, the customers as well as interactions with the people in the workplace. However, still, most of the time, people do not project these inner emotions or feelings to everyone around them. Most people try to hide their own emotions to meet some benchmarks and conform to a few social and work rules, which would cause hindrance in their lives if are not met with. Surface acting can mean that an individual is suppressing his or her true emotions and how the pe rson feels only because the societal norms dictate so (Humphrey Ashforth Diefendorff 2015). These repressed feelings can lead to a gradual worsening mental condition for people and may cause something that may not at all be anticipated either by the individual her/himself or the employer. Gender stereotyping the employees by having established notions within the organization that portray only the women as the emotionally vulnerable ones can lead to being blind to the obvious factors which are present in front of the eyes. It even makes the organizational management boards to overlook serious issues simply because it does not fit their own perception about emotions and feelings (Ashkanasy, Ayoko Jehn 2014). If these problems are not addressed properly, the organization can never hope to achieve the desired milestones that are set by the ideologies of the company. With positive emotions being the dominant attribute of the feelings of a person, the employee can witness better creativity and managerial skills at work and even enhance their regular productivity. with better and positive emotions, the employees can also garnet positive social support from the other colleagues and the senior management of the organization, which is a significant driver for the motivation of the employee (Seo Barrett, 2007). If the organization give recognition to the efforts of an employee and also rewards the same person for the work, there is a fair chance that that employee will be willing to work even harder in the future because of the rewards. Broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions can be used in this case to further establish the better results that can be derived from positive emotions at the workplace over the negative ones. This theory suggests that positive emotions help a person to become a better employee by enhanced actions that are aimed towa rds the betterment of the self and the organisation (Gibson Callister, 2010). Employees have often been recorded to complain about how customers treat them. On busy days, when the pressure is immense on every employee, a witty customer who tries to be over-smart with humour may actually be taking up a lot of time, making it difficult for the employee to serve the other customers properly and meeting their needs. This may result in a lot of frustration for the employees and their productivity may be adversely affected by this. The airline industry has to face employee dissatisfaction on a regular basis. The airhosts and hostesses have to deal with various customers and some their behaviours often make it difficult for the employees to remain calm and work as they are required to (Williams, 2003). It is vital that they keep their emotions under control and continue with their job roles so that the company reputation is not hampered. There are some mechanisms that the organizations choose to make sure that emotions and negative feelings do not cause any disruptions at work. Organizations have to have a system and a work culture that helps the employees to feel relaxed and work without much pressure. Organizations must take steps and create certain corrective measures that would help to reduce the stress and emotion related problems in the workplace as much as possible (Williams, 2003). Some of these mechanisms are: Neutralising, Buffering, Prescribing, Normalising Through these steps and measures, the organizations try to understand the nature of the emotion of the employees after successfully understanding which of the employees are suffering from problems, which are emotional. They try to prevent the magnitudes and impacts of the emotions that cannot be avoided by any means. They help effectively separate emotions from work, successfully help the employees to express their emotions by taking some organization prescribed methods as well as be able to alter the negative feelings that the employee feels which are triggered by adverse emotions (Shockley et al. 2012). It is not enough for the organization itself to try to prevent the problems that are caused by negative emotions of the employees. Organisations must be able to make sure that the employees are not being buried with extra burden at the workplace and can still work efficiently for the company despite having personal problems (Sy, Ct Saavedra, 2005). The employees have to understand the fact that a contractual labour is a binding norm and the employee is sort of obligated to execute the tasks that are given by the organization. Whatever may be the personal problems an individual is facing, it has to be kept aside and the person has to adhere to the organizational norms and conform to the rules and regulations (Ashkanasy, Ayoko Jehn 2014). The employees can themselves identify the potential triggers for the emotional instability and try to keep those under control so that they do not become a serious problem with their work productivity and bring down the entire operations output of t he organization itself. It is not enough for the organisation itself to try to prevent the problems that are caused by negative emotions of the employees, rather coping with the sudden stress and tricky situations have to be devised by the employees themselves. Regulating the emotions must be attempted and achieved by the employees, so that their work is not hampered. Organisations must be able to make sure that the employees are not being buried with extra burden at the workplace and can still work efficiently for the company despite having personal problems (Sy, Ct Saavedra, 2005). The employees have to understand the fact that a contractual labour is a binding norm and the employee is sort of obligated to execute the tasks that are given by the organisation. Whatever may be the personal problems an individual is facing, it has to be kept aside and the person has to adhere to the organisational norms and conform to the rules and regulations (Ashkanasy, Ayoko Jehn 2014). The employees can themselves iden tify the potential triggers for the emotional instability and try to keep those under control so that they do not become a serious problem with their work productivity and bring down the entire operations output of the organisation itself. Conclusion From the above discussion it is clear that the emotions of the employees have significant influences upon how will their productivity be. Positive emotions help to increase the same and negative emotions bring productivity levels down. Organizations must ensure that the employees do not experience any sort of emotional pressure and can work in peace. The organization and the employees both have to work on how to manage the pressure so that they can all work together and the different strategies for that also have to studied and implemented properly. References Ashkanasy, N.M., Ayoko, O.B. Jehn, K.A., (2014). Understanding the physical environment of work and employee behavior: An affective events perspective.Journal of Organizational Behavior,35(8), pp.1169-1184. Demerouti, E., Bakker, A.B. Halbesleben, J.R., (2015). Productive and counterproductive job crafting: A daily diary study.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,20(4), pp.457-469. Ashkanasy, N. M., Daus, C. S. (2002). Emotion in the workplace: The new challenge for managers. The Academy of Management Executive, 16(1), 76-86. Barsade, S. G., Gibson, D. E. (2007). Why does affect matter in organizations? Academy of Management Perspectives, 21(1), 36-59. Diefendorff, J. M., Croyle, M. H., Gosserand, R. H. (2005). The dimensionality and antecedents of emotional labour strategies. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 66(2), 339-357. Gibson, D. E., Callister, R. R. (2010). Anger in organizations: Review and integration.Journal of Management,36(1), 66-93. H?lsheger, U. R., Schewe, A. F. (2011). On the costs and benefits of emotional labor: A meta-analysis of three decades of research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16(3), 361-389. Judge, T. A., Woolf, E. F., Hurst, C. (2009). Is emotional labor more difficult for some than for others? A multilevel, experience-sampling study. Personnel Psychology, 62(1), 57-88. Seo, M-G., Barrett, L. F. (2007). Being emotional during decision making good or bad? An empirical investigation. Academy of Management Journal, 50(4), 923-940. Shockley, K. M., Ispas, D., Rossi, M. E., Levine, E. L. (2012). A meta-analytic investigation of the relationship between state affect, discrete emotions, and job performance.Human Performance,25(5), 377-411. Sy, T., Ct, S., Saavedra, R. (2005). The contagious leader: Impact of the leader's mood on the mood of group members, group affective tone, and group processes.Journal of Applied Psychology,90(2), 295-305. Williams, C. (2003). Sky service: The demands of emotional labour in the airline industry. Gender, Work Organization, 10(5), 513-550.

International Finance Essays - Signal Processing,

International Finance This paper argues that, in studying the monetary policy transmission process, more emphasis should be given to the systematic portion of policy behavior and correspondingly less to random shocks basically because shocks account for a very small fraction of policy-instrument variability. Analysis of the effects of the systematic part of policy requires structural modelling, rather than VAR procedures, because the latter do not give rise to behavioral relationships that can plausibly be regarded as policy-invariant. By use of an illustrative open- economy structural model based on optimizing analysis, and considering variants, the paper characterizes the effects of policy parameter settings by means of impulse response functions and root-mean-square statistics for target errors. Different models give different answers to questions about the effects of systematic policy, so procedures for scrutinizing model specification are essential. In this regard, it is argued that vector autocorrelation functions, augmented by variance statistics for each of a model's variables, seem more promising than impulse response functions because the latter require shock identification, which is inherently a difficult process. Economics Essays

The Awakening by Kate Chopin essays

The Awakening by Kate Chopin essays The Victorian woman was the old maid, fallen woman, and the angel in the house (Claire Kahane, 5), all rolled into one. This same Victorian woman captured the complicated effects of the eras attempt to control the representation of womens nature (5). In the 1880s, this angel in the house (5), this ideal woman, was challenged by what was called the Novissima, The New Woman who rejected marriage and motherhood and contested the boundaries of those separate entities. Edna Pontelleir in Kate Chopins novel, The Awakening, is a woman that is way ahead of her time. She is a woman living through the Victorian Era, although without the many pretenses that most women at the time did. Not only did she not fit into the Creole role that her husband had set up for her, she was having a difficult time squeezing into the gendered role that he had established for her as well. Edna gradually "awakens" to the realization that she is a person and not the possession of her husband. She also realizes she is in an oppressive society and that she is no longer one of the mindless members of the majority, but an individual who's passion conflicts the responsibility that society feels she should be dedicated to. Edna is thrown into the Creole society after her marriage to her Creole husband. This society abounds with "mother-women," who idolize their children and worship their husbands. At this time, this ideal woman was the norm, and Edna knew she was different than this. Her friend, Madame Ratignolle was the perfect image of the ideal woman. She was pious, submissive, nurturing, and simply the image of domesticated perfection. Edna admires her friend, but cannot understand why anyone would want to see their husband or coo over their children so much. Edna and Madame Ratignolle are Chopins representations of the Old and &...

Past Perfect Worksheets for ESL Learners

Past Perfect Worksheets for ESL Learners In general, the past perfect is used to express something that had happened before something else in the past. The key to understanding the past perfect is that is used to express something which was completed in the past before something else took place. Past Perfect Positive Form Review Subject had past participle objects Examples: Alex had finished the test before Tom asked to see it.They had lived in France for 10 years before they moved home. Past Perfect Negative Form Subject had not past participle objects Examples: She hadnt eaten by the time he arrived.We hadnt bought the car when he told us the news. Past Perfect Question Form (Question Word) had subject past participle? Examples: Had you done anything before he arrived?What had she done to upset you so much? Important Note! Regular past participles in -ed, irregular past participles of verbs vary and must be studied. Already / Before Already is used in the past perfect positive form to something that something had been completed before another action occurred.Before is used in the past perfect in a similar sense to already, but in all forms. Examples: They had already completed the work when he arrived.She hadnt been able to eat lunch before he telephoned. For For is used to express the duration of time something had happened before something else occurred in the past. Examples: Susan had worked as an assistant manager for five years before she was promoted.They had lived in that house for ten years before he moved in with them. By the Time By the time is used to express the point in time up until which something had happened. Examples: By the time he asked me, I had completed everything he requested.They had eaten by the time he walked into the room. Past Perfect Worksheet 1 Conjugate the verb in parentheses in the past perfect tense. In the case of questions, use the indicated subject as well. They ____ (eat) before he arrived.____ (you finish) the report before he asked for it?Jennifer _____ (buy) the house before the market crashed.What _____ (she do) that upset him so much?Our boss _____ (not make) the decision yet when management changed their mind.The students _____ (write) the report, but the teacher made them do it again.Mark _____ (want) to go to New York, but his wife changed his mind._____ (they invest) in that stock before the market improved?Alex _____ (not do) the gardening before it started raining.Their decision _____ (make - passive voice) before conditions changed.We _____ (eat already) so we werent hungry._____ (Tom choose) the color for his room before he was asked to paint it black?Sarah _____ (drive) three hundred miles by the time she arrived in Tacoma.Few people _____ (understand) the news when the consequences began to appear.The reporter _____ (not tell) the cameraman to get ready when the president walked into the room.Bob _____ (purchase) the fir st generation iPad two weeks before the second generation was introduced. I _____ (print) the report before he gave me the updates._____ (Henry come) home before the called the police?She _____ (not complete) the article when the news changed everything.The coach _____ (reserve) rooms for everybody so there werent any problems. Past Perfect Worksheet 2 Choose the correct time or quantity expression used with the past perfect tense. How (much/long) had you known Peter before he proposed?They had (yet/already) eaten by the time he arrived.Cathy hadnt finished the report (when/by) the time he asked for it.Phillip had requested all the forms (as soon as/before) he began the application process.How (much/long) wine had they drunk before they were asked to stop?She had made the decision long (after/before) he asked her to marry him.They had always wanted to visit Amsterdam (so/as) they went!Jackson hadnt been able to read the book (when/as) the teacher asked him to quote from it.Susan had (yet/already) printed the report before her boss requested it.Had they (yet/already) heard the news or were they surprised? Answers For Past Perfect Worksheet 1 Conjugate the verb in parentheses in the past perfect tense. In the case of questions, use the indicated subject as well. They  had eaten  before he arrived.Had you finished  the report before he asked for it?Jennifer  had bought  the house before the market crashed.What  had she done  that upset him so much?Our boss  hadnt made  the decision yet when management changed their mind.The students  had written  the report, but the teacher made them do it again.Mark  had wanted  to go to New York, but his wife changed his mind.Had they invested  in that stock before the market improved?Alex  hadnt done  the gardening before it started raining.Their decision  had been made  before conditions changed.We  had already eaten  so we werent hungry.Had Tom chosen  the color for his room before he was asked to paint it black?Sarah  had driven  three hundred miles by the time she arrived in Tacoma.Few people  had understood  the news when the consequences began to appear.The reporter  hadnt told  the cameraman to get ready when the president walked into the room.Bo b  had purchased  the first generation iPad two weeks before the second generation was introduced. I  had printed  the report before he gave me the updates.Had Henry come  home before the called the police?She  hadnt completed  the article when the news changed everything.The coach  had reserved  rooms for everybody so there werent any problems. Answers for Past Perfect Worksheet 2 Choose the correct time or quantity expression used with the past perfect tense. How  long  had you known Peter before he proposed?They had  already  eaten by the time he arrived.Cathy hadnt finished the report  by  the time he asked for it.Phillip had requested all the forms  before  he began the application process.How  much  wine had they drunk before they were asked to stop?She had made the decision long  before  he asked her to marry him.They had always wanted to visit Amsterdam  so  they went!Jackson hadnt been able to read the book  when  the teacher asked him to quote from it.Susan had  already  printed the report before her boss requested it.Had they  already  heard the news or were they surprised?

The Importance of Customer Service to Service Companies Coursework

The Importance of Customer Service to Service Companies - Coursework Example The course work "The Importance of Customer Service to Service Companies" talks about the customer service and the importance of services management to service companies. Service companies directly deal with customers and they have customer service departments which have to continuously improve service to meet customers’ needs and gain their loyalty. Service can be defined in terms of customer satisfaction. If the goods delivered by the company meet customer specifications and the customer are satisfied, the customer is retained and may have that loyalty the service company needs. A common inspirational belief among sales people is the more loyal the customer, the more profits for the company. Firms must compete for quality. In this time of intense globalization where products and services are available at the touch of a button, quality service is most important. After World War II, when Japan was still struggling to compete with the products dominated by the United States and Europe, the term quality was not so popular. But Japanese firms introduced service quality which attacked American and European products and services. Quality-oriented service met customer needs and improved quality of life. Japanese firms became popular and profitable. Other firms had to introduce quality in their services and products. Quality management became a phenomenon which captured the attention of firms and researchers. Employees involved in service are crucial to the success of a service firm.

Female Circumcision Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Female Circumcision - Assignment Example Female circumcision is abusive and has a detrimental effect on the attitude and self-esteem for the females who practice it. 3. Patriarchy is a process or a system through which the males dominate and are in charge of social welfare of people within the society. For this reason, they are able to control the resources and set rules, norms and regulations that define a community. Patriarchy has played a big role in female circumcision especially through the ritual norms that must be performed in order to assume acceptance as a member of a certain society or community. This is because the institutions of males have dominance over the privileges of the female hence insubordination. 4. A lot of non-governmental organizations have teamed up to fight this practice. Groups like Maendeleo Ya Wanawake in Kenya have formed female groups which fight against this ritual. Most of the governments in Africa and Kenya to be precise have set rules that ban the practice terming it as child abuse. Most of the governments in Africa have also set tight penalties for societies or communities that engage in this old ritual. It is indeed right for us Westerners to meddle in traditions and practices that have no positive effect on the lives of Africans. Female circumcision is an abusive act that dehumanizes the female gender and must be fought by all members of the world and not westerners only. 5. In my opinion there has never been and there will never be any good reason to perform female genital mutilation to the female gender because it does not add any value but instead only ruins the self-esteem and leads to a lot of side effects like hemorrhage and conception difficulties and even death resulting from over bleeding during the process (Francis

On the Film Zero Dark Thirty and Torture Essay Example for Free

On the Film Zero Dark Thirty and Torture Essay Zero Dark Thirty is a 2013 film directed by award-winning director Kathryn Bigelow, and is a narration about the multiple time-skips of how Maya (Jessica Chastain), a new CIA recruit, beat the odds which led to Osama Bin Laden’s ultimate death. â€Å"Our plane’s been hijacked. I hope I can be able to see your face again, baby. I love you! Goodbye!† were lines from the actual 9/11 audio footage at the beginning of the film and from that, I thought that Zero Dark Thirty would be an emotionally-touching action-packed movie. Because of an exciting plot, I expected it to be a thrilling film but it turned out to be despicably monotonous. Set in the bustling streets and the danger-prone areas of the Middle East, the set design became largely influential to the film, and it added to the viewer’s experience. However, if I hadn’t known that the movie was directed by Academy-Award winner, Kathryn Bigelow, I would have thought that this was directed by an unknown director. The chapter-by-chapter time skip actually took the plot away from the movie it became choppy and incomprehensible. One moment we see Ammar (Reda Kateb) being tortured, and then in the next screen, it’s suddenly two years later. The only commendable action scene in the movie being Osama Bin Laden’s ambush, the plot seemed to drag as we see more conversations and less action than what we expected to see. The movie poster also said that the writer, Mark Boal, is an Academy award-winning screenwriter but it puzzles me how he actually got the information about the happenings when CIA operations are supposed to be undisclosed. Why would the scriptwriter just name-drop sites that were supposedly top-secret, like the existence of Area 51? Thus, the credibility of the events and places seem questionable. Moreover, the flood of names of terrorists in conversations was actually confusing and the discussions about situations in ISI were unnecessary. I wanted to see scenes related to finding Abu Ahmed and ultimately, Bin Laden. I wanted action, not conversations. Though the pacing was unbelievab ly slow, the cinematography during the bombing in the restaurant Maya and Jennifer were eating at was brilliant. The transition was truly surprising one moment Jennifer was talking to someone over the phone, and then the next, the restaurant was already in pieces and people were dying. Maya’s expression of pure shock and terror was perfectly captured the camera. The editing of the movie headed by William Goldenberg was realistic, and the bombings were so unpredictable, I was surprised and scared out of my seat. Mostly, the ambush operation in the last 30 minutes of the film was so professionally shot it could pass up as an actual footage. It’s the little moments that make this film alive. After the phone call from Maya’s supervisor, stating that tonight will be the ambush, we witness the bonds of the â€Å"canaries† – the way they goofed around and gambled, yet still looked out for each other. Viewers always have the impression that soldiers are brute men who would sacrifice anything and anyone for their purpose, but this scene actually gives the impression t hat they’re men too who treasure the bonds they have. The only comical relief during the movie was provided by Dan’s sarcasm and personality. Ironically, this attitude always comes up during the supposedly-heartbreaking torture scenes which made it particularly hard for me to sympathize with Ammar (Reda Kateb). Another highlight of his role was when Dan fed the monkeys in a CIA site. I remembered the previous scene when Ammar said that Dan was an animal, and as the monkeys stole the ice cream from Dan, I saw how it was similar to their situation. Dan takes and takes from Ammar, but eventually, Ammar gets the best of him when he doesn’t provide information. As I contemplated about the film after watching it, I think the reason why it seemed so bland and dry is because it lacked the action that viewers are used to see in fictional CIA films. The super cool CIA combat and the shooting scenes where the CIA agent never gets shot weren’t present in the movie. Instead, the movie consisted of CIA operatives who commit mistakes and ultimately get killed, like Jennifer (Jennifer Ehle); we meet heartless CIA agents like Dan (Jason Clarke) who would torture a man endlessly to get the information he needs. We see unsexy Maya, an ordinary-looking woman who wears identical suits every day, who got carried away by emotions after Jennifer’s death and during her confrontation with Joseph Bradley (Kyle Chandler), and who was almost killed once in an attempt at her life. The film was made up of one-dimensional characters who got frustrated when they cant do anything. I wanted to know the characters more but there was zero character development. There werent even any scenes about Mayas past, like why and how was she recruited out of high school? Did she ever get in touch with Jennifers family after her death? This lack of character personality development and the blankness of her facial expressions in most of her screen time made me wonder why Jessica Chastain is praised for her role in Zero Dark Thirty. I’ve recently watched Les Miserables and if Jessica Chastain were to be nominated in the same category as Anne Hathaway for an Oscar, then Chastain could just say that she dreamed a dream of winning an Oscar. I won’t say that she did not deserve her Golden Globe award, but I never thought she’d be nominated for it either. Her portrayal as the angry young Bin Laden-obsessed CIA agent was so stereotypical she started as the nervous , awkward new CIA operative and then ultimately became the â€Å"motherfucker,† as she puts it, who found Bin Laden’s location. Maya always had this expressionless face, as if trying very hard to capture a CIA agent’s demeanor. In fact, I only began to sympathize with Maya upon the death of Jennifer. Her endless pursuit of Bin Laden became more personal from this point, proving that nothing motivates like revenge. I think that the scene where Maya shook her head and then cried actually concludes the plot well because it showed her human side and the drive that has been pushing her all along. She quotes in one scene that her friends got killed because of the hunt and she believes that she has been spared for a reason. This gives justice to her emotions in the end, where she finally breaks down as the realization that she has reached her goal after almost a decade yet the friends she had made along the way were already gone. She is no longer the new, awkward CIA recruit, rather, Maya has become the CIA operative who resorted to all means possible to take down Osama Bin Laden. With the methods that the m ovie’s characters practiced, there has been much speculation whether the film is pro-torture or not. The director and the writer of the film presented these â€Å"enhanced interrogation techniques† as a part of the pursuit. So for me, it’s not a pro-torture movie but at the same time, it’s not anti-torture either. If Zero Dark Thirty were pro-torture, then the viewers should have seen how Ammar gave information after being tortured, but he did not. Instead we see that the key piece to the puzzle for finding Bin Laden was actually served to Dan and Maya over lunch, not during torture time. And if the movie were anti-torture, then there shouldn’t have been any torture scenes in the movie leaving Reda Kateb, who played Ammar, with zero talent fee. The film showed that Maya was convinced that the location of Bin Laden’s courier, Abu Ahmed, is crucial to the pursuit not because there was information revealed during the torture sessions, rather, it’s the detainees’ refusal to give up any information about the courier that connects the dots for Maya. Therefore, the film depicts numerous, albeit controversial, practices used in America’s pursuit for Osama Bin Laden. It shows that torturing Jihad-driven detainees or buying a man a Lamborghini as bribery weren’t the ultimate keys for solving the puzzle that led to Bin Laden. No single method can perfectly encapsulate the sum of the efforts of the people behind the manhunt for Bin Laden. The totality of their hard work and passion was what the filmmakers strived to partake, so for me, the movie isn’t raising any notions on being pro or against these methods. Zero Dark Thirty relays the fact that we tread different paths in life with a great number of sacrifices along the way. Though this movie doesn’t live up to its tagline â€Å"The Greatest Manhunt in History,† is still a perfect example of humanity’s journey towards his goals. Americans would continue to preserve their seat of power, while the Muslims would continue to do anything to reach Jihad. I wanted to be awed by this film and I wanted to feel the characters emotions, but the film gave me neither. The lack of emotion in Zero Dark Thirty makes me think that the budget for this should have been allocated to a film with a different perspective, like a documentary, and not as a film with actors and actresses playing roles they fail to give color to.

Free Essays - The Hounds of Tindalos :: Hounds

Textual Analysis The Hounds of Tindalos             The Hounds of Tindalos is a short science fiction story containing many and varied elements that have been long associated with the genre of science fiction. This essay will identify these elements, examining their placement within this short text and also the interchange of these elements with the characteristics of other genres, more specifically, horror. Belknap Long, the author, was clearly intent of incorporating the elements of horror within the genre of science fiction and this amalgamation of these two genres was a popular combination employed by future horror and SF writers. Perhaps the inclusion of horror within the SF genre is a comment in itself about perceptions of SF held by writers, the elements of horror being a cautionary warning to those in the science world. Long’s main character is Halpin Chalmers, a self proclaimed â€Å"rebel and champion of originality and lost causes†. From the start it is clear there are present within this text some elements of the SF genre that seem to be in just about every SF story, beginning with the main character. Many writers have as their main characters people who are non-conformists, who wish to boldly go where no one has gone before and who are willing to take seemingly illogical and irrational risks in the hope of furthering makinds’ scientific discoveries. Chalmers is no exception in this as he willingly partakes in an ancient Chinese drug that is a known powerful hallucinogen in a bid to go back in time. There is of course the proverbial â€Å"wet blanket† in the shape of the narrator, known only as Frank, who believes his friend Chalmers to be quite mad, but who never-the-less agrees to aid his friend in his bizarre experiment despite the risks he is taking. Frank represe nts all those characters in SF stories who are the skeptics, the non believers, who have a solid faith in the science of the present, and who consider characters like Chalmers to be eccentric and bizarre.       The setting of The Hounds of Tindalos is in the late 1920’s and the location is Central Square. Chalmer’s apartment room is where most of the story takes place. The room is in keeping with Chalmer’s character as a rejector of modern science and one who is still entranced with the historical side of science and history preferring â€Å"illuminated manuscripts to automobiles and leering stone gargoyles to radios and adding machines†.

Big Picture Questions Essay

1) The experience of empire for conquered peoples was broadly similar whoever their rulers were, Does the material in this chapter support or challenge this idea? It supports and challenges the idea to a certain extent. 2) In thinking about the similarities and differences among the empires of the early modern era, what categories of comparison might be most useful to consider? 3) Have a look at the maps in this chapter with an eye to the areas of the world that were not incorporated in a major empire. Pick one or more of them and do a little research as to what was happening there in the modern era. I chose the region of Borneo which is besides the Philippines. I believe the territory must have been led by an empire who did not want to be over thrown by the bigger empires such as Portuguese, French and English, so they would rather not be involved with their trade and other activities. 4) Looking back: compared to the world of the fifteenth century, what new patterns of development are visible in the empire-building centuries that followed? 1) To what extent did Europeans transform earlier patterns of commerce, and in what ways did they assimilate into those older patterns? Europeans for the first operated on a global scale, forging new trade networks across the Atlantic and Pacific oceans They also facilitated the full integration of fur-supplying regions into wider trade networks. But in other ways the Europeans assimilated older patterns, as in the Indian Ocean, where they sought to dominate previously established trade routes, and they continued to trade many of the same products 2) How should we distribute the moral responsibility for the Atlantic Slave trade? Is this an appropriate task for historians? Yes, this is an appropriate task for historians, but perhaps the responsibility should be disbursed by what region a historian is most familiar. 3) What lasting legacies of early modern globalization are evident in the twenty-first century? Pay particular attention to the legacies of the slave trade. 4) Looking back: Asians, Africans, and Native Americans experienced early modern European expansion in quite different ways. Based on Chapters 13 and 14, how might you describe and explain those difference? In what respects were they active agents in the historical process rather than simply victims of European actions? Asians, Africans, and Native Americas were all victims of European actions, but in all in different forms. Africans were used as slaves and to their own convenience. Whereas, Natives were victims in the form that they were pushed out of their territories. Asians were threatened by the dominance of Europeans for two centuries. The English wanted to improvise on Christianity, but the Asians fought back. Although, these cultures were highly discriminated their customs helped form America today. For example the Asians taught English men’s daughters to make profit of their earnings. In addition, Native Americans taught the English about how to harvest and crops. Finally the African Americans brought their customs of foods and certain labors.

Development of Axum and Meroe in Northeastern Africa Essay

66. Comparative Analysis: Compare the development of Axum and Meroe in northeastern Africa with the development of the Maya and of Teotihuacan in Mesoamerica. In both the development of Axum and Meroà « in northeastern Africa possessed the ores and fuels needed to produce iron on a large scale. They traded along the Nile River to Egypt, and their goods such as gold and ivory reached ports all along the Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Southern Africa, and quite possibly as far as India and China. Axum was a very powerful state. It controlled a huge number of ports, such as Adulis along the Red Sea coast, and it participated in the commerce of the Indian Ocean, where its export goods included ivory, slaves, and crystal. They also traded with Alexandrian Egypt, and eventually with Rome, Byzantium, and India. Teotihuacan was a powerful political, military, economic and cultural center that influenced the whole of Mesoamerica. Teotihuacan is one of the world’s oldest and most impressive archaeological sites. The wealth of Teotihuacan was based largely on the amount they had on the trade of obsidian, a coarse green glass occurring in volcanic rock. In common with the other Mesoamerican civilizations, the Maya had measured the length of the solar year to a high degree of accuracy. They produced extremely accurate astronomical observations; their charts of the movements of the moon and planets were used to predict eclipses and other celestial events such the time between conjunctions of Venus. The ancient Maya had diverse and sophisticated methods of food production. It was formerly believed that shifting cultivation agriculture provided most of their food but it is now thought that permanent raised fields, terracing, forest gardens, managed fallows, and wild harvesting were also crucial to supporting the large populations of the Classic period in some areas. 67. Historical Analysis: â€Å"While long-distance trade across Afro-Eurasia predates 500 C.E., it grew in importance between 500 and 1500 C.E.† What key developments make this statement true? In between 500 and 1500 C.E Afro-Eurasia’s trade increased and altered consumption patterns and encouraged peoples across the zone to specialize in producing particular goods for market rather than being self-sufficient. They followed religions such as Buddhism and Islam and it spread along the trade routes. During this period, there were a lot of epidemic diseases, and they spread along the trade routes. Some regions developed stronger states in part because of increased commerce along the trade networks. These regions were East Africa, West Africa, and Southeast Asia. There were also a lot of technological advances during this time. This included the development of larger ships and the magnetic compass in China. This also helped increase trade.

Chatting Worsens Students’ Writing Skills

Chatting Worsens Students’ Writing Skills How Texting and Chatting Are Ruining Students’ Grammar It is obvious that children have started writing much worse. It is a typical picture on a bus, on a train, or at school children or teenagers surfing the net on their phones or chatting. Writing a message has become a matter of a second. As a consequence, long complex sentences are something modern students cannot cope with. Writing a complete sentence observing syntax and punctuation, using correct grammar and making no mistakes in spelling has become a challenge. The words like sorta or kinda have entered childrens speech. The traditional methods of learning to write do not longer work with modern kids. Using letters Instead of Words It would take a while for an inexperienced adult to decode these: C u @ 9! Hw r u? C u l8r! These phrases demonstrate the principles of the language of texting. Shorthand serves the basis. The examples of children using shortened words and phrases are too many. Would is simplified to wud while fine is expressed the following way: f9. So, it is quite predictable that students do not have the slightest idea about the principles of grammar and word skills. This type of, let us say, writing is not time-consuming, so students get accustomed to it quite easily as they are constantly using it. Thus, getting down to writing some tests, essays, or any kind of assignments, they fail to switch from the shorthand language and use shortened words in academic writing. Acronyms Are Entering Dictionaries You will be both surprised and confused to find some acronyms in dictionaries. ASAP or LOL have become so commonly used that they and a lot of similar are making their way to an accepted standard of the language. LOL, OMG and FYI have been introduced into the Oxford Dictionary and soon other acronyms will become dictionary entries. The trend makes a lot of people embarrassed as it is not clear now what and how we should teach our children proper grammar usage. Steps to Make to Improve It is a shame to be considered the generation of those who cannot write even the simplest words correctly replacing Standard English with the text message language. To improve the situation we have to start now. It is obligatory to take up reading as a hobby or a habit in order to enrich our vocabulary and learn how to use grammar structures properly. What we must be aware of are the consequences of the widespread usage of shorthand language and acronyms which might be quite attractive and funny at first eventually having an undesired impact on the culture of writing. Being caring and considerate teachers and parents, we must do our best to guide the children through the process of learning to write properly.

Snowy Owl Facts

Snowy Owl Facts Snowy owls (Bubo scandiacus) are the heaviest owls in the United States. They are notable for their striking white plumage and their extreme northerly range which includes tundra habitat throughout Alaska, Canada, and Eurasia. While they are relatively rare, they are often spotted in winter when they hunt in windswept fields or dunes. Fast Facts: Snowy Owl Scientific Name: Bubo scandiacusCommon Names: Arctic owls, great white owls, white owls, Harfangs, American snowy owls, snowy owls, ghost owls, tundra ghosts, ookpiks, ermine owls, Scandinavian nightbirds, and highland tundra owlsBasic Animal Group:  BirdSize: Body: 20 to 28 inches; wingspan: 4.2 to 4.8 feetWeight: 3.5–6.5 poundsLifespan: 10 yearsDiet:  CarnivoreHabitat:  Northern United States, parts of Canada; migration takes them to parts of Europe and AsiaPopulation:  200,000Conservation  Status:  Vulnerable   Description The plumage of an adult male snowy owl is mostly white with few dark markings. Females and young owls have a sprinkling of darker feathers that form spots or bars over their wings, breast, upper parts and the back of their head. This speckling offers superb camouflage and enables juveniles and females to blend well with the summertime colors and textures of the tundras vegetation. During the nesting season, females are often are heavily soiled on their underside from sitting on the nest. Snowy owls have bright yellow eyes and a black bill. Vicki Jauron, Babylon and Beyond Photography / Getty Images Habitat and Distribution Snowy owls range from the western Aleutians in Alaska to northeastern Manitoba, northern Quebec, Labrador, and the northern United States. They are primarily tundra birds although they sometimes also inhabit grasslands. They venture into forests only on very rare occasions, if ever. During the winter, snowy owls often move southward. During their migration, they are sometimes seen along coastlines and lake shores. They sometimes stop at airports, possibly because they offer them the wide-open habitat they prefer. During the breeding season, which snowy owls spend in the Arctic, they nest on small rises in the tundra where the female carves out a scrape or shallow depression in the ground in which to lay her eggs. Snowy owls rely on prey populations that fluctuate significantly over time. As a result, snowy owls are nomadic birds and go wherever there are ample food resources at any particular time. During normal years, snowy owls remain in the northernmost parts of Alaska, Canada, and Eurasia. But in seasons when prey is not abundant in the northern stretches of their range, snowy owls move further southward. Occasionally, snowy owls move to regions that are farther south than their normal range. For example, during the years of 1945 through 1946, snow owls made a widespread, coast-to-coast incursion into the southern stretches of Canada and the northern parts of the United States. Then in 1966 and 1967, snowy owls moved deeply into the Pacific Northwest region. These incursions have coincided with cyclic declines in the lemming population. Diet During the breeding season, snowy owls survive on a diet that consists of lemmings and voles. In parts of their range where lemmings and voles are absent, such as the Shetland Islands, snowy owls feed on rabbits or chicks of wading birds. Behavior Unlike most owls, snowy owls are primarily diurnal birds, usually active during the day, from dawn to dusk. Sometimes snowy owls do hunt at night. It is important to remember that within their Arctic range, snowy owls experience long summer days and hunting at night simply isnt an option as there are few or no hours of darkness. The opposite is true in winter when day length shortens and hunting during daylight hours is reduced or eliminated as the sun remains below the horizon for long stretches of time. Outside the breeding season, snowy owls make very few vocalizations. During the breeding season, snowy owls are a bit more vocal. Males make a barking kre or krek-krek call. Females produce a loud whistling or mewling pyee-pyee or prek-prek sound. Snowy owls also produce a low-pitched hoot that carries through the air for long distances and can be heard as much as 10 kilometers away. Other sounds snowy owls make include hissing, bill snapping and a clapping sound believed to be created by clicking the tongue. Reproduction and Offspring Normally, snowy owls lay between five and eight eggs per clutch. But in good years when prey such as lemmings is abundant, they lay as many as 14 eggs per clutch. Female snowy owls lay their 2.2 inch long eggs at two-day intervals so that the young emerge from the egg at different times. Mud-brown hatchlings emerge from their eggs at about the size of a newly-hatched chicken. Hatchlings in the same nest are of differing ages, with some having hatched as much as two weeks apart. Snowy owl chicks weigh only about 45 grams at birth, but they grow rapidly, gaining about three grams each day. They mature over the course of two years, at which point they weigh approximately 4.5 pounds. Javier Piva Flos/Getty Images   Conservation Status There are approximately 200,000 snowy owls in North America. Despite conservation efforts, these unique owls are now considered to be a vulnerable species. While breeding areas are usually far away from human interference, climate change is impacting the snowy owls Arctic habitat; the number of these birds is on the decline. Relatives of the Horned Owl Until recently, snowy owls were the only member of the genus Nyctea but recent molecular studies showed snowy owls to be close relatives of the horned owls. As a result, taxonomists have moved snowy owls to the genus Bubo. Other members of the genus Bubo include the American horned owls and the Old World eagle-owls. Like other horned owls, snowy owls have ear tufts but they are small and usually kept tucked away. Sources â€Å"Basic Facts About Snowy Owls.†Ã‚  Defenders of Wildlife, 10 Jan. 2019, defenders.org/snowy-owl/basic-facts.â€Å"Snowy Owl.†Ã‚  Audubon, 21 Mar. 2019, www.audubon.org/field-guide/bird/snowy-owl.â€Å"Snowy Owl.†Ã‚  National Geographic, 24 Sept. 2018, www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/birds/s/snowy-owl/.

Economic Theory of Marketing Control and Business Essay

Economic Theory of Marketing Control and Business - Essay Example It is pointed out that franchising has certain benefits. Firstly, it allows distinctive competency, then quick expansion, uniform operation-standardisation, and lastly, same food experience (Funding Universe, n.d). Admittedly, McDonald’s has adopted franchising as a way of expansion. In this franchising, the parent company sells the right to distribute its products and to use its trade name to smaller businesses around the world. McDonald’s organisational culture is the culture the parental company transmits to its franchisees. The company operates according to four values; quality, service, convenience, and value. Though the company has enforced these basic values into all its franchisees, the franchisees are allowed to incorporate local culture into their marketing and products (McDonalds. Com, 2011) Another point is that the company hires local people for its regional operations so that they become able to make the company a good image in the local community by adopt ing locally accepted working culture, salaries, products and communication. There are two points that deserve attention here; firstly, the company seeks to offer the same product offerings around the world, and secondly, it intends to offer the same food experience for all customers. There are various reasons that prompt the company to go global. They are to gain more brand and shareholder value, to have more sources of income and growth markets, to lessen its dependence on the home market, to leverage the existing corporate technology, supply chains, knowledge and intellectual property, and to find better acceptance in the home country by being global. Thus, as cited in Ghosh et al (n.d), presently, McDonald’s holds 19% of the global fast food market followed by Doctor’s... As the paper discusses  McDonald’s has adopted franchising as a way of expansion. In this franchising, the parent company sells the right to distribute its products and to use its trade name to smaller businesses around the world. McDonald’s organisational culture is the culture the parental company transmits to its franchisees. The company operates according to four values; quality, service, convenience, and value. Though the company has enforced these basic values into all its franchisees, the franchisees are allowed to incorporate local culture into their marketing and products.From this research it is clear that McDonald’s holds 19% of the global fast food market followed by Doctor’s Associates with 10%, and Yum Brands with 9%. Other important players are Wendy’s, Burger King, and Dominos. The remaining market is held by companies which are local in nature. It seems that McDonald’s has adopted two strategies since 2003 to keep up with t he changing international market. The first strategy is to introduce new foods and concepts as opposed to loyalty to traditional foods. As a pat of this strategy, the Premium Chicken Sandwiches and Angus Beef Burger took birth. In addition, there was the addition of premium salads. The second major strategy was to focus on increasing sales at its existing restaurants instead of starting new ones. As a part of it, the company remodelled its many restaurants, increased working hours, and raised the options on menus.

General nursing skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

General nursing skills - Essay Example I will also be discussing them in this assignment how important the skills I garnered will be in my future profession. The purpose of reflection is basically looking back at an event or time and analysing the emotions, feelings and other things involved at that point in time. Reflection usually involves questions such as â€Å"What went well?† and â€Å"How did I feel at that time?† Normally, reflection is done spontaneously, not based on formula. It normally occurs when feelings, emotions and thoughts about a particular event gradually surface (Atkins & Murphy 1994). However, there is no use in reflecting upon an activity if I the skills that I acquired during the activities and others that I improved upon will be going to waste. This is where the NHS framework is important. NHS knowledge and skills framework provides a comprehensive and consistent framework for review and development of a staff member. It determines and describes which knowledge and skills are important for staff to apply during at work and to deliver excellent services (Agenda for Change Project Team 2005). The NHS knowledge and skills framework has several purposes. NHS knowledge and skills framework is based on good people management. It is involved in looking at how people would like to be treated and more importantly, how they should be treated. Because of these, one of the purposes of NHS knowledge and skills framework is to check on the development of services by investing in staff members. This is done so that the service provided has good standards and it meets the needs of the public (Agenda for Change Project Team 2005). Another purpose of the NHS knowledge and skills framework is to support the learning process of the staff members, whether as a team or as an individual. It promotes effective learning and development. It aims to support the learning process of the members of the staff by letting them grow in various ways and

Business Ethics Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Ethics Paper - Essay Example A business is considered as a subsystem of society. Business ethics implies the profit making is not at all unethical but the company should discharge their social responsibility towards the society. The social obligation of a company towards the society is very complex and unlimited. But if the company wants to flourish it has to contribute to social welfare. The company which makes losses is considered as a unethical because it misuses the national resources, promotes inefficiencies, cannot pay back creditors, upsets the economy and is not able to discharge social responsibilities. Such a loss making concerns are burden to the economy. The business ethics dictates the responsibilities of a business which generate the revenue to the investors and society. It is the relationship between the business and social responsibility. All individual has a mode of behavior whether in business or in non- business. The standardized form is ethics. Ethics is thought of moral principles and set of values about what conduct ought to be. Therefore it does not specify what is good or bad, right or wrong. Business ethics is based on the behavior of a businessman in different business situations. They are concerned with the impact of decision that they have taken within or outside the organization. How strictly they are following the ethical rules in economic and financial decision making. It is often seen that the businessman has to obey the law, even though he feel it is injustice or immoral. If he feels the law is unjust, he takes remedy through a proper procedure. Human values are the core of ethical behavior. Values are the part of the culture and culture are the ideas, attitudes which shape the behavior of the person. Each individual has a culture adapted from the society and family in which he is grown up. Every org anization has there own culture in which the every person in that business works or takes decision. Values are adaptive, and subject to change over the period of time. In the olden days the business are considered as the profit making concerns but now the views are changed. The business is the part of society and if a business has to flourish it has to discharge its social obligation. The welfare of society is the social responsibility of the firm. The business which does not give importance to the social welfare will not survive. 1. Define what is power and leadership in your own words Power is the authority of a position to rule and achieve success by influencing the behavior of people at work. Power has both positive and negative aspect. When power is used in ethical and purposeful way we can say it is positive, which lead the organization to development. But when power is used for self serving, manipulative and corrupted way it is negative. Leadership is the process of using power to get work done by others. It is the ability to get men to do what the leader wants to do. The degree of authority or power used by leader is based on his leadership style. 2. Define what is the theory of Fiedler's contingency Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership explains that the group performance is a result of interaction of two factors- leadership style and situational favorableness. Leadership style depends upon the leaders personality. Fiedler has developed an index called the least-preferred coworker (LPC) scale. LPC is based on the liking and disliking of working with other individuals in the group. Low LPC suggests that leader

Creativity And Innovation In The Workplace Commerce Essay

Creativity And Innovation In The Workplace Commerce Essay So in this context, what is creativity and what is innovation? Often they are not distinguished. They are simply seen as part of the process by which knowledge is developed and transformed into business value. This is a perfectly acceptable definition, but again like the failure to differentiate between information and knowledge it is not very useful for the purpose of discussing the subject area.. . It is important to distinguish between creativity and innovation because the processes are different, the risks are different, the starting points are different, and the climates needed for achievement are different, and there are consequences of these differences. To support this argument, the author has divided this essay into three main parts. First of all creativity and innovation is defined according to different researchers. Then the some basic differences between them is discussed. At the end, the author has described process of creativity and innovation to support his arguments. Creative thinking, creativity and innovation are separate and distinct things. Creative thinking is a process that can be taught, creativity is a phenomenon about which can be taught, and innovation is more than creativity. Creativity is the production of novel and useful ideas in any domain whereas the innovation is the successful implementation of creative ideas within an organization.(stein 1974, woodman, sawyer and griffen 1993). West and Farr (1990) consider creativity as the ideation component of innovation and innovation as encompassing both the proposal and applications of the new ideas (p. 10). In this view, creativity by individuals and teams is a starting point for innovation; the first is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the second. Amabile and shermaine montefalco et al. (1996) Creativity is the production of novel and useful ideas in any domain whereas the innovation is the successful implementation of creative ideas within an organization.(stein 1974, woodman, sawyer and griffen 1993). West and Farr (1990) consider creativity as the ideation component of innovation and innovation as encompassing both the proposal and applications of the new ideas (p. 10). .Successful innovation does not only depends upon the idea coming from inside the organization but can also comes from outside the organization. Many researchers have argue that the innovation is not a linear process (Drazin and Schoonhoven, 1996; van de ven, 1986; Scgroeder et al 1986; Van de ven at al 1999) it may be conceived of as cyclical with periods of innovation initiation, implementation, adaptation and stabilization. Creativity is likely to be most evident in first stage of innovation. (iainchalmers  , 2007) from Human Motivation, 3rd ed., by Robert E. Franken: Creativity is defined as the tendency to generate or recognize ideas, alternatives, or possibilities that may be useful in solving problems, communicating with others, and entertaining ourselves and others. (page 396) Three reasons why people are motivated to be creative: need for novel, varied, and complex stimulation need to communicate ideas and values need to solve problems (page 396) Creativity is any act, idea, or product that changes an existing domain, or that transforms an existing domain into a new oneWhat counts is whether the novelty he or she produces is accepted for inclusion in the domain. Creativity is the ability to produce work that is both nove,(i.e, original, unexpected) abd appropriate(i.e, useful, adaptive concerning task constrains)(lubart, 1994: Ochse 1990; Sternberg 1988; Sternberg and lubart 1991, 1995, 1996) Components of creativity: Expertise encompasses everything that a person knows and can do in the broad domain of his or her work. Creative thinking, as noted above, refers to how people approaches problems and solutions- their capacity to put existing ideas together in new combinations. The skill itself depends quite a bit on personality and as well as on how a person thinks and works. Expertise and creative thinking are a individuals raw materials- his or her natural resources, if you will. But a third factor- motivation- determines what peoples will actually do. If an individual have outstanding educational credentials and a great facility in generating new prospective to do a particular job, but if he lacks the motivation to do that job, he will not do that; his expertise and creative thinking will not give him any advantage. People will be more creative when they feel motivated primarily by the interest, satisfaction, and challenge of the work itself- and not by external pressures. There also exists the enormous graveyard of innovations that have never been adopted and not necessarily because they are the results of repetitive, foolish, or simply reproductive processes(Paolo Legrenzi, Creativity and Innovation, http://www.iuav.it/Ricerca1/Dipartimen/dADI/Working-Pa/wp_2007_02.pdf) I believe that there is a difference between creativity and innovation and agree with Robinson and Sterns explanation:10 †¢ Creativity the results of creativity in companies are improvements or changes to what is already done. †¢ Innovation the results of innovation in companies are entirely new activities for the company The key words, improvements and new, help define the difference in these terms. However, creative thinking is part of the innovation process. Another way of explaining this comes from the late management consultant, Richard Byrd, who defined innovation as creativity times risktaking. Japan railway east is the largest rail carrier in the world. When they decided to construct a new bullet-train line through the mountains north of Tokyo, they never anticipated that this would open the doors of a new business horizon for them- the beverages. JR east have to construct many tunnels, and water causes problem there. The JR plans to drain this water away. But the crew inside the tunnel found a new solution of this problem; they were using to drink that. One of the workers liked it taste so much that he give suggestion to the JR to bottle this water and sale as premium mineral water instead of draining that into runoffs. His idea was implemented and soon the water was marketed with the brand name of OSHIMIZU. Within a short period of time it become so popular that JR plants vending machines at most of its platforms and establish a subsidiary company who only deals with this water. This idea turns so profitable that in 1994, sales of Oshimizu beverages were $ 47 million and its also started to sell juices as well as iced and hot teas and coffees.( Corporate creativity: how innovation and improvement actually happen   By Alan G. Robinson, Sam Stern) Most researchers and managers recognize that creativity at the individual level represents only part of the challenge. Organizations must create environments that allow and encourage employees to engage in creativity. Most organizations have developed layers of rules, procedures and bureaucratic processes that stifle creativity (MacKenzie, 1998).To be creative, the management has to tolerate the mistakes and accept the degree of risk involved with this. It also requires the long term commitment of time and resources whereas; the risk of failure is also there to be considered (Yukl, 2006). Creativity is the long term investment of any organization, which cant be start or stop any time. Firms commonly encourage employees to use their creativity and judgment through empowerment (Gandz and Bird, 1996). Hence, the management culture of an organization is the major factor which initiates the creativity in an organization. On the other hand, much lower degree of risk is involved in the innovation. In innovation the success is ascertain, so the process can be terminated at any desired stage. Innovation does not require a long term commitment of time and resources. Innovation is more likely to occur in groups where there is support for innovation, and where innovation attempts are rewarded rather than punished (Amabile, 1983; Kanter, 1983) In modern age, creativity is considered as a science which can be learnt. Several universities offer courses and degrees in the field of creativity and creative problem solving where as there are only a few offer coerces in the field of innovation. For organizations it is easy to train their employees more creative and effective in their work. On the other hand, innovation is much more informal field. No specific body of knowledge serve a basic of teaching and learning for innovation. Most of innovative techniques are derived from the basics of creativity. Conclusion: Chances are that the very successful leaders of the future will be more likely to make creativity and innovation a strategic priority in their organizations if they better understand the reality of what they really are rather than an unsubstantiated myth. How they are different. Why they are both needed, and how to make them both happen in the right way at the right time in the business cycle. Referances: (iainchalmers  , 2007) Creativity vs Innovation the ugly truth, http://blogs.holstgroup.co.uk/greenhat_thinking/2008/03/07/creativity-vs-innovation-the-ugly-truth/ The innovation process may be divided into three areas: the fuzzy front end (FFE), the new product development (NPD) process, and commercialization, as indicated in Figure 1-1.1 The first part-the FFE-is generally regarded as one of the greatest opportunities for improvement of the overall innovation process.2 Many companies have dramatically improved cycle time and efficiency by implementing a formal Stage-GateTM (Cooper 1993) or PACE_ (McGrath and Akiyama 1996) approach for managing projects in the NPD portion of the innovation process. Attention is increasingly being focused on the front-end activities that precede this formal and structured process in order to increase the value, amount, and success probability of high-profit concepts entering product development and commercialization. The comparison was complicated because there was a lack of common terms and definitions for key elements of the FFE. Without a common language and vocabulary, the ability to create new knowledge and make distinctions between different parts of the process may be impossible (Krough, Ichijo, and Nonaka 2000). Knowledge transfer is ineffective or unlikely if both parties mean different things, even when they are using the same terms. These insights led us to believe that we could improve understanding of the FFE by describing it using terms that mean the same thing to everyone. The front end of innovation, or what us often called fuzzy front end , presents one of the greatest opportunities for improving the overall innovation process. New concept development model: The NCD model, shown in figure below, compromises of three key elements: The inner area defines the five key elements compriseing the front end of innovation The engine or Bulls Eye portion which drives the five front-end ekements and is fuelled by the leadership and culture of the organisation. The influencing factors, or environment on the periphery . consists of organizational capabilities, business strategy, the outside world(i.e., distribution channels, customers and competitors), and the enabling science that will be utalized. FIVE FRONT END ELEMEENTS: OPPORTUNITY IDENTIFICATION. This is where the organization, by design or default, identifies the opportunities that the companu might want to pursue. Business and technological opportunities are explicitly considered so that resources will eventuallu be allocated to new areas of market growth and/pr operating effectiveness and efficienscy. This element is tupiucally driven by the goals of the business. The opportunity might be a totally new direction for the business or a minor upgrade to an existing project. 2. opportunity analysis: Additional information is needed for translating opportunity identification into specific business and technology opportunities and making early and other uncertain technology and marlet assessment. Extensive effoert may be committed for focus groups, maeket studies and sceientificn expertise. However, the amount of effort expended is dependent upon the attractiveness of the opportunit. 3. idea genesis: Genesis is the development and materation of the opportunity into a concrete idea. This represents an evolutionary process in which ideas are built upon, torn down, combined , reshaped, modified,and updated. Ideas may be generated by anyone with a passion for a particular idea, problem, need, or situation. Ideas may be generated or enriched by others through the efforts of a key individual or champion (Markham 1998; Markham and Griffin 1998). Idea selection: In most businesses there a re so many products/process ideas that the critical activity is to choose which idea to pursue in order to achieve the most business value. Selection may be as simple as an individials choice amoung many self generated options or as formalized as a prescribed portfolio method. More formalized project selection and resource allocation in the FEI is difficult die to limited information and understanding at this point. Concept and technology development: The final element of the model involves the development of a business case based on estimates of market potential, customer needs, investment requirements, competitor assessments, technology unknowns, and overall project risk. The environment: The FFE exists in an environment of influencing factors. The factors are the corporations organizational capabilities, customer and competitor influences, the outside worlds influences, and the depth and strength of enabling sciences and technologyThe outside world, government policy, environmental regulations, laws concerning patents, and socioeconomic trends all affect the FFE as well as the new product development or Stage-GateTM part of the innovation process. Some of these factors are indicated in Porters five force model (1987). THE ENGINE (LEADERSHIP, CULTURE, AND BUSINESS STRATEGY) The element of leadership, culture, and business strategy sets the environment for successful innovation. Proficiency in this element distinguishes highly innovative companies from less innovative ones (Koen et al. 2001). Continuous senior management support for innovation has been shown in numerous studies to be critical to new product development success (Cooper and Kleinschmidt 1995; Song and Parry 1996; Swink 2000). Culture in the FFE fundamentally differs from that in the NPD and operations parts of the organization (Buckler 1997).

Internet Censorship Essay - Internet Needs a Dot Kids Domain :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Internet Needs a Dot Kids Domain The Dot Kids Implementation and Efficiency Act of 2002 proposes the creation of a second level domain within this Country's United States Top Level Domain that sets aside an address on the Internet and World Wide Web for information that is suitable for minor children of age 12 and younger. Various pro-family groups fully endorse and support this initiative. For example, those at the National Law Center for Children and Families can wholeheartedly say that such a domain is needed, would be a welcome solace to parents and educators who care about the best interests of our children and grandchildren, and is a constitutionally viable program for our Government to provide. There are those who will complain that Congress and our Government should not create domains at all, but Congress and the United States Government created the Internet and have a stake in its development and usefulness, including to children, who are our most dependent citizens. Whether management of a .kids.us sub-domain is beyond direct agency control or whether what is "suitable" is left to the discretion and best judgment of those entrusted with management of the United States domain and the Dot Kids subdomain are not serious problems. The Dot Kids domain would not be a public forum, but rather a proprietary and gratuitous public service of the Government. The courts should not consider it a justiciable issue for challengers to claim vagueness or access rights to this domain or its operation. A Dot Kids domain should be free from judicial review and immune from outside demands, much like the Library of Congress and the Smithsonian Institution have the right to manage their own collections and decide what content and links to place on their own Websites, as well as every other Federal agency. If the U.S. Park Service decides to create a playground for children under 13 and exclude older kids and adults, they should be able to do so, and if Congress will create an online safe-haven for kids under 13 to find suitable, age appropriate information and entertainment, it should be able to do so.

Naturopathy and Nutritional Medicine

In this essay I will look at nutritional medicine and naturopathy, and discuss how they have evolved into their present status. I will describe similarities and differences and address how history, culture and philosophy have shaped them. Nutritional medicine is the use of food and nutritional supplements to prevent and treat disease. It is based on the scientific study of nutrition, researching the nutritional content of food and how it con-tributes to optimal health. Nutrition is fundamental to health as it promotes wellbeing and decreases the risk of developing acute and chronic illnesses (Sardesai 2012, p. ). Naturopathy is a holistic healing system, focussing on natural agents (i. e. air, water, heat, food, herbs) and therapies (i. e. electrotherapy, physiotherapy, psychotherapy) and excluding the use of drugs and surgery. The core principle is that all beings possess a Vital Force, the self-regulatory ability to heal which is supported and enhanced by naturopathic medicine (She rwood 2005, pp. 156-158). From those descriptions it is obvious that nutritional medicine is an integral part of naturopathy. In fact, naturopathy considers proper nutrition and dietary routines important building blocks to health which are the foundations to prevention of disease and promotion of health (Lloyd 2009, p. 46). Appendix, table 1 identifies further similarities and differences between these two modalities. Principles for nutritional medicine and naturopathy can be traced back to ancient practices. Refer-ences for the use of food as medicine can be found in ancient medical texts of Egypt that describe the use of animal, vegetable and mineral substances as medicine to treat diseases (Di Stefano 2006, p. 5). Although the term naturopathy stems from the late 19th century, its philosophical beginnings can also be found in Egypt with the earliest written records of healing practices. The supernatural approach to medicine and the belief that disease is caused by angered gods, evil spirits or demons was characteristic for this period. Patients were treated holistically, both on a spiritual level including religious ritual, and on an empirical level by using food and medicinal plants with healing power (Seaton 2012, p. 2). Appendix, table 2 describes how this view on medicine, health and disease developed over time†¦.

Feminism in advertising

In my essay I will scrutinise feminism in advertising. We live in a world surrounded by commercial advertisements. For a very long time advertisers have used tactics such as gender representations for targeting their audiences (customers). It is described by others as the science that capture the human mind long enough to get money out of it. With theories of advertising and their sophistication, my assignment will look at both the advantages and disadvantages of feminism in advertising. Society and social structure are immensely affected by popular culture. Strinati (2004) says, â€Å"in modern setting, popular culture is the culture produced which is commercially created by a few for consumption by many†. Mass media such as television, films, magazines, bus stop shelters, billboards, internet and newspapers are the common forms of communication used by product manufacturers who portray and interpret society. Kellnar (1995, p 5) says â€Å"media is the form of art that teaches us how to be men or women, how to react to society, how to be successful and popular†. These are some of the advantages for manufacturers concerned about the commercial success of their products hence presenting a culture that will be consumed by many. These few points by Kellnar(1995) are some of what manufacturers or capitalists with one thing in mind success of their product use as advantage forcing them to present a culture they believe will attract and be consumed by the most audience. In doing so, popular culture often results in stereotyping people such as women, the disabled and other minorities because depicting them as stereotypes is easy. With advertising as another form of popular culture the stereotyping becomes very bold to ensure fast selling of huge volumes within a short time. To make achieving these targets, manufacturers/ capitalists will not have time to build up their own characters meaning stereotyping must be used. Although these manufactures of these manipulated mass cultural images say popular culture mirrors or echoes the society, the opposite is also true. Unaware the behaviour of society is being affected by these manipulated media images. More and more people are becoming more concerned and worried about how society sees itself and sometimes adapt to these impressions left by this art of popular culture especially feminist who are saying images of women in popular culture are undermining and degrading women. To some extent the feminist concerns are true when you look at what Srinati (2004) says that society does not award the same privileges it offers to men to women. This justifies the argument from feminist regarding the representation of women in mass media. Having started on feminist theory, I will describe it feather more before moving on to how women are represented in popular culture. Feminism speaks for women in terms of social equality for sexes against patriarchy and sexism (Macionis and Plummer 2012). Feminists trying to eliminate gender inequality have four different main theories of feminism, liberal feminism, socialist feminism, radical feminism and what Sylvia Walby calls the dual systems of feminism and each responds to the oppression of women in different way, outlining different causes and different solutions. However they also have criticisms. Liberal feminists oppose prejudice and discrimination against that stops women from pursuing their goals (Macionis & Plummer 2012) and Gidens (2009) also says liberal feminism searchers for answers of gender inequality in cultural and social attitudes. It has great support than the other perspectives because it is more tolerant and its views are less threatening to existing values. In Western societies liberal feminists’ plans are to change the political, economic and social systems. Liberal feminists believe that both men and women are not benefiting from gender inequalities (Haralambos and Holborn 2008). Some of its criticisms identified by Valerie Bryson (1999) are basing liberal feminism on male assumptions and norms. The other is emphasizing public life at the expense of private life. Abbort et al. (2005) says liberalism does not explain the exploitation of women, it take no account of structural sources of inequality. Marxist and socialist feminism started from Marx’s conflict theory, blaming the sexual divisions of labour as the barrier preventing women from wealth (Marsh et al 2009) and this Marxist analysis of feminism blames capitalism as the key source of oppression rather than patriarchy, and capitalist as the beneficiaries. Just like radical feminists they have a desire for revolutionary change and want a communist society where production is communally owned. Although Marxist and socialist feminism had a lot of influence during 1970s and 1980s it has lost influence in recent years and some of its aspects have been adopted by other feminists. Just like the other feminist theories it has its own criticisms. It has been criticised for using the masculine theory which does fails to explain of women’s position (Haralambos et al 2008). Its main criticism comes from failing to emphasise how men oppress women (Abbort et al 2005). Radical feminism puts all the exploitation of women on men (Gidens 2009). Radical feminists believe that men are the beneficiaries from women subordination. Valarie Bryson (1999) says radical feminists see women as an oppressed group who had to free themselves from their oppressors in this case men (Haralambos & Holborn 2008, p 101). Radical feminism is criticised for encouraging women to focus on negative experiences with men and for portraying women as good and men as bad. Banks, 1981; Barry,1983; Stacey, 1983; and Vogel,1983 (cited in Macions and Plummer 2012, p 407) say these distinctions describe the problem of patriarchy in different ways and call for correspondingly distinctive solutions for social damage. We already know that societies and individuals take time to adjust to change and to adopt the new routines therefore the representation of women in media can speed up the process of change, as already demonstrated, that popular culture has enormous effect on society. Even though the representation of women in media is largely hidden by capitalism profit making agendas, an exact representation of society would harm the feminist motives. There are other feminist theories like black feminism and postmodern feminism. They are all associated with femininity some with theories that try to put limitations on the way women are portrayed by the mass media. Despite the short comings of social and commercial limits on advertisements, advertisers are always a step ahead in terms of change to social reality and they have proved that they can provide better reflection of social changes than any other media. The truth is advertisers continue to miss-represent the female body and women are still seen as cheap of free labour for house work in spite of all the changes in representation of women over the years. In television adverts for both sexes, men appear 76% more as experts than women (Hasseltine 1982). Hasseltine also says women are often portrayed as mothers or housewives without common sense knowledge about their roles. Recent study (Yoder et al 2008) has proved that although women still appear as housewives, they no longer appear as people without voice and mind of their own instead they are now competent, have a voice and perform professional duties just like the male colleagues. This shows a clear picture of change from the past couple of decades. Although changes in the way women are portrayed on adverts are said to have improved, the stereotyping still remains and are adding worthiness to some of the feminist objections about the portrayal of females in mass media. For examples women were seen as voiceless, passive sexual objects for male gaze, nevertheless today it is still the same, except women are no longer presented as inactive but as desirable sexual subjects who presents themselves in that objectified manner because they want to (Goldman, 1992). This is now post feminism and advertisers still use their narrow ideas that create feminine qualities and feminists are finding difficult to persuade advertisers to change these gender identities because advertisers put so much money towards these ideas and cannot afford to have low commercial results (Cortese 2008) and to achieve high commercial results they must use their femininity ideas. They then persuade a beautiful female in what they call perfect body, slim and tall without blemish. Storey (2003) in his book â€Å"Inventing Popular Culture† calls the advertisers, the ruling class, who constitute themselves under the guise of democratic populism, exploits the art of popular culture and the manipulative art of advertising to promote docile conformism and worship of the new which keeps the consumer in a confused state of changing fashion and insecure about his/her taste. Especially on beauty products, the manipulation of art of advertising is extended by air brushing the women to look extra fine causing women to feel inferior among others. Men as a result of these manipulated images raise the expectation from women which creates more gender stereotyping. Even though post feminism shows women as professionals and not as stupid mothers or housewives, they persist showing them as objects, even in advertisements/commercials meant for the male audience. Female audience have the worst adverts that objectify women for purposes of selling products such as lingerie. Post feminism shows semi naked female bodies that are considered as showing the sexual power of women over men, this in pre-feminism time was seen as offensive (Amy-Chinn 2006). This is one form of feminism that has limitation to the feminist theory of popular culture. Like I said before, feminist objections of stereotyping women are more evident in commercials that sell products for women and in magazines for female audience (Lindner 2004). Research conducted by Lindner (2004) concluded adverts from magazines for female audience stereotyped women 78% more than any other magazines, so if it is true that adverts/commercials are created with the targeted audience in mind, then women find themselves in inferior positions in such magazines and are identified better with such stereotyping. Such advertisements limits the work of feminists and their theory of saying advertisements should reflect social reality become invalid as such advertising do reflect reality but harming the feminist plan. If this kind of female stereotyping is a reflection of society, then there is nothing wrong with the popular culture that presents the female body in such a way. Unfortunately popular culture has great impact on how people carry and see themselves around others. The air bushed female bodies on advertisements will lead to denial of how they look without the manipulation. Individuals exposed to sexist commercials had negative thoughts about their own body image (Lavine et al 1999). This, without the criticism from feminists, is not best for society and its best not to show sexist advertisements which show the female body as an object. It has serious consequences on a lot of women especially the younger ones where it may result in problems like eating disorders, plastic surgeries, locking themselves away from society Another disadvantage of sexiest advertisements is that showing women as sex objects, excluding them from society, can cause men to have negative perception of women. For example (Rosewarne 2005) says criminality can lead to perception of fear in women, and this is not acceptable in society especially from feminists who are fighting for woman to be equal to men. Unfortunately another form of commercials that is increasing masculine power is the outdoor advertisements that sexually degrade women and strengthening their exclusion is on city spaces (Ibid, p67). This cause sexual violence which forces women to reduce their movements and this type of popular culture which creates an environment is not acceptable in society. Feminists need to come up with more powerful arguments that the ones mentioned above to solve this matter that is rising from stereotyping and showing women as sexual objects. Strinati, (2004) says some feminists are campaigning for a female world that excludes men. Gill (2008) says by purchasing underwear to tea or coffee they are representing power and independence. This is also adding to advertisements that are meant for the female audience meaning more stereotyping especially if it’s a woman to women commercials, resulting in feminists failing to field the answer to the problem of stereotyping women in popular culture. In the last 30years changes have happened in favour of women about their representation in popular culture especially the way they are portrayed in commercials. From stupid mother or housewife without a voice in the 1980’s to professional knowledgeable people with a voice in the twenty first century, despite all these changes in the way women are represented in advertisements they still experience stereotyping. Pre feminists saw the stereotyping off women as harmful today, the postfeminist supports the idea of showing the female body as sexual objects saying it signifies the power that the female body has over men. The objectification of the female body is still seen as the main way undermining women’s bodies and the limits found in feminism have made it hard for feminists to out rightly challenge the deception of women in popular culture. In conclusion, there clear evidence that feminists do not agree about the origins of inequality between men and women. They argue that women have always been in a subordination position while some say gender inequalities originate from particular historical events (Haralambos and Holborn 2008). Women have suffered oppression in the past without a voice and today they have a voice but still experience oppression in one way or the other. In advertising we saw objectification of women in advertisements as harmful in the 1970s and 1980s and in the twenty first century the objectification of women in advertisement is still happening but is now called the sexual power of women over men. We have also seen that the stereotyping and portraying women as object is a tool for advertisers trying to achieve their targets for whatever they are selling. Stereotyping the depicting of women has been part of advertising and will continue to be a very useful tool for advertisers. The manipulation of images can have devastating effect on out women living them with all sorts of problems. Finally, feminism is a metaphor for transformation, having s voice, for women who did not have a public voice in the past and it is seen as moving from object to subject (Storey 2009). Today the feminism movements are still tackling the adverting industry with the introduction of new revolution ways to tackle mass media about these images that depicting women as sexual objects.