Project management and communication Research Paper

Undertaking the executives and correspondence - Research Paper Example ategies obviously encourages them to fortify and persuade their colleagues make them a telling chief and capable task supervisor inside an organization. Moreover, having the right stuff to viably control others could be a distinction among progress and disappointment. In this situation, correspondence is critical to a businesss dynamic strategy. In this manner, all the task administrators must have viable relational abilities to begin just as react to all the sorts of correspondence. Besides, the accomplished undertaking supervisors manufacture common associations with their partners and colleagues through undivided attention. In this situation, they can impressively enlarge their organization’s profitability by directing efficient gatherings and business conversations. Along these lines, setting up productive collective affiliations dependent on certainty and regard, accomplishing duty for their vision, and preparing and controlling their colleagues and partners are altogethe r the basic capabilities for todays venture administrators (Learning Tree, 2011). As talked about above, correspondence in venture the board assumes a critical job in keeping all the colleagues and task partners on exact track. Moreover, without powerful correspondence among colleagues and undertaking partners there could be a breakdown in methods that could cause a negative impact on the last item. In this situation, it is the duty of an undertaking administrator to be acquainted with the correspondence strategies worried in effective venture the executives. For this reason, they ought to successfully plan to choose what data requires to be imparted among venture colleagues and different partners. From that point onward, that data ought to be made accessible to all the task partners and guaranteed in a convenient manner. Also, correspondences with venture partners must be overseen such that all the necessities are persuaded just as issues are dependably

Macbeth Themes Essay Example For Students

Macbeth Themes Essay William Shakespeare, in his shocking play Macbeth, written in 1606, performs theunrelenting intensity of duplicity, craziness, and ravenousness which eventually results inthe destruction of Macbeth. Macbeth permitted his craving to become lord overrule hisjudgement which perfectly ended his reality. The play is full ofpestilence and set in Scotland during the eleventh century. In Macbeth,sleeplessness is a significant theme that penetrates the sensational structure. Shakespeare utilizes this weariness to prove the blame of Macbeth, to representsubconscious craziness, and to show an anticipating of terrible what might be on the horizon. Themotif serves to sensationalize the genuine review of how the characters are handlingthe different disasters that happen. At first, the theme of restlessness is usedas a model of anticipating. For instance, in Act II, scene I, Banquo discovers ithard to rest the night Macbeth should execute King Duncan. This isevidence that insidious things will happen all through the play. Moreover, in ActII, scene ii, while Macbeth was murdering Duncan, Malcolm and Donalbain emerged intheir rest. One giggled and the other cried murder. This is theirsleeplessness foretelling since Duncan was dead, despite the fact that the brothersdid not know it yet. Shakespeares utilization of the restlessness theme asforeshadowing permits the peruser to get an idea of what shrewdness will come in thefuture. In addition to the fact that Shake speare uses restlessness for portending he alsouses it as a method of blame. For instance, in Act II, scene ii, Macbeth thinks hehears a voice say, Sleep no more! Macbeth murders rest! This isMacbeth envisioning voices, instructing him not to rest since he is feeling immoraland at risk for Duncans murder. Next, Macbeth is hesitant to rest peacefullybecause he realizes that Duncan is in eager ecstasy(Act III, scene ii). Clearly, Macbeth knows about his bad behavior and feels chargeable that he isking and invigorated, yet just at the penance of Duncan. By utilizing blame to showsleeplessness, Shakespeare shows that a degenerate wrongdoing can just leave the mindunsure and unfit to rest. The most huge part of this theme, however,is how it is utilized to exhibit the craziness of Macbeth and his better half. Forinstance, in Act II, scene iv, Macbeth is at supper with Lennox, Ross, and otherlords. He sees phantoms and is clearly crazy. This demonstrates all the sleepin the world would never free Macbeth from his wrongdoing, he is as of now crushed. Inaddition, Lady Macbeth rest strolls and daydreams a spot of blood on her handsin Act V, scene I. This demonstrates she has gone insane too. She can't sleepbecause she is attempting to expel the spot, which speaks to blame. The solid useof madness as a moving power in the play makes the peruser comprehend thatMacbeth and Lady Macbeth can't free themselves of their malevolent deeds. The playdemonstrates that the inner mind can permit abhorrent things to happen. Thesleeplessness theme is critical in light of the fact that it shows how the characters in theplay manage their burdens. The scary utilization of restlessness added to the guiltof the characters, the portending of wickedness provided a dull sensation, and theirony of craziness indicated that the characters spirits couldn't deal with thecalamitous circumstances. Macbeth couldn't rest since he was too coerce ridden,which in the long run drove him to the limit. Macbeths destiny, anticipated bythe witches, at last made up for lost time to him and after his startlingly sleeplessnights, he was presently fascinated by the endless rest called passing.

Swot Analysis of SubwayEvaluating Marketing Strategies

Question: Talk about theIntroduction to Marketingfor Subway. Answer: Presentation: This specific investigation has given an inside and out review in regards to the significance of advertising plan for propelling another business in an alternate topographical limit like Canberra. According to the case situation, it has been seen that Brad wishes to dispatch a sandwich shop named Zodiac Sandwich in Canberra after having five years involvement with Subway. Previously, propelling a food community in Canberra Brad needs to make a successful circumstance examination for making an arranged and sorted out advertising plan. This specific examination has centered to feature the ecological investigation, contenders examination just as clients examination before opening the sandwich store in Canberra. Industry Overview: It has been seen that Australia has earned $2 billion for inexpensive food items from the year 2011 to 2014. Canberra being the capital of Australia is all around populated territory. Along these lines, food and drink industry will be profoundly perceived in the core of Canberra. That is one of the best reasons of picking Canberra as the chose neighborhood for Brad for propelling a sandwich shop. Chaffey, Smith and Smith (2012) opined that this food and refreshment is one of the most thriving ventures of current time. An enormous number of workers are emphatically related in giving clients administrations. In this way, Brad while propelling another business chose to chosen food industry. Sandwich is a lot of well known inexpensive food that the vast majority of the individuals like to have it at the hour of breakfast. Canberra is established with enormous number of business associations where in excess of 50 percent representatives like to pick bread as their morning meal before goin g into the workplace (Garrigos-Simon et al. 2012). Accordingly, the choice of opening a sandwich shop at the core of Canberra came into the brain of Brad. Factors on Uncontrollable Environment: Because of probably the most fundamental factors the whole procedure of business has genuine been affected. Political, prudent, social, innovative, ecological and lawful components are one of the most conspicuous elements. Political: The world of politics of Canberra is agreeable to propelling food communities. The legislature has actualized a standard of expulsion tax security. Subsequently, the individuals when all is said in done don't show their hesitance for buying nourishments from food focus (Hollensen, 2015). Moreover, after the usage of wellbeing and maturing guideline, the individuals feel made sure about while buying nourishments from close by shop. Affordable: Canberra is monetarily evolved territory. In this manner, individuals don't need to battle for buying nourishments. Furthermore, sandwich is out an out an ease item. Thusly, Zodiac Sandwich would have the option to target both premium clients just as ease clients by propelling this sandwich community. Social: Canberra is comprised with individuals of assorted culture and conviction. Sandwich is the food that is most loved for individuals by and large. Thus, Zodiac Sandwich would get a degree to have a gigantic objective market for this specific industry. Mechanical: Canberra is out an out cutting edge in innovation. The occupants of Canberra are a lot of acclimated with the progression of innovation (Kotler et al. 2015). In this way, Brad would have the option to utilize the notoriety of online networking for advancing items and administrations. Likewise, the creation officials would have the option to utilize cutting edge innovation while delivering the items with the goal that the work cost can be diminished. Ecological and Legal: The earth of Australia is reasonable for processing this sort of cheap food like sandwiches. What's more, every business association of Australia likes to keep up a portion of the major legitimate factors, for example, wellbeing and security act, right to data act, hostile to separation act thus many. Subsequently, individuals don't need to confront tremendous challenges to utilize items and administrations (Wilson Gilligan, 2012). Simultaneously, representatives feel made sure about while working inside the association. Contenders Analysis: Before examining the contenders, Zodiac Sandwich needed to distinguish the name of contenders existing at the core of Canberra from food industry (Thackeray, Neiger Keller, 2012). While assessing the contenders showcase examination, it has been seen that in excess of 100 stores of sandwich are arranged at the close by area of Zodiac Sandwich. In the wake of distinguishing the quantity of contenders, for example, Beef and Barley, Binnys Kathitto, Wokitup, Snack Shack, McDolands and a lot more Brad has come to realize that around 50% of the sandwich shop arranged at Canberra expects to follow brand esteem methodology (McDonald, 2013). Subsequently their objective gathering of widely constrained. Be that as it may, so as to support in the present market alongside those 100 stores Brads Zodiac Sandwich chooses to utilize minimal effort procedure. Thus, individuals of normal salary can manage the cost of the item without any problem. Consequently, the quantity of target bunch for Brads sa ndwich shop would be high. Clients Analysis: Before dissecting the clients, a powerful STP examination is exceptionally significant so as to know the geographic, segment and psychographic target client division alongside the situating of items. According to the geographic division, Brad chose to open the food place in the core of Canberra with the goal that the area can be reasonable for different clients. Individuals from 20 to 50 age gathering of individuals are the objective gathering (Srensen, 2012). A large portion of the representatives working in different associations show their enthusiasm of having sandwich as their morning meal. The items have been chosen to be made so that individuals from different societies and foundations show their enthusiasm for buying nourishments from Zodiac Sandwich. What's more, Brad will in general select the clients of normal pay level with the goal that individuals from different societies and strict foundations can show their enthusiasm for buying items and administrations (Terpstra, Fol ey Sarathy, 2012). SWOT Analysis: Before directing a showcasing plan an interior ecological is profoundly significant so as to know the quality, shortcoming, openings and dangers of Zodiac Sandwich for propelling the business in Canberra. Quality Request of food and refreshment industry in Canberra Request of sandwich particularly as the morning meal for individuals when all is said in done, be it an understudy or a hierarchical representative Business to client selling process with no help of merchants Shortcoming Lacking capital of Brad for extending the business Little framework as Brad has fired the wings up The shop is arranged in the midst of 100 inexpensive food stores in Canberra Openings To extend the business procedure all over Australia by giving quality item to the clients To increase authoritative picture and notoriety by keeping up a successful client assistance connection at the work environment Dangers Contenders advertise procedure is one of the significant dangers for Brad. As Zodiac Sandwich is only a new company, the association needs now and then for picking up clients dependability The ubiquity of other food habitats arranged in Canberra has become a significant danger to make an equivalent market interest for Zodiac Sandwich. Table 1: SWOT examination (Source: Westwood, 2013) End: This specific investigation has given a profound understanding with respect to the significance of a successful advertising plan before beginning a business. Brad before opening a sandwich shop at the core of Canberra might want to direct a showcasing plan dependent on which the business master would comprehend the present market request. So as to assess the market, Zodiac Sandwich has kept up powerful contenders investigation, clients examination, SWOT investigation and PESTEL investigation. So as to isolate the objective marker STP investigation has likewise been led for Zodiac Sandwich. By investigating the market division, Brad has come to realize that individuals from 20 to 50 age gathering of normal salary level would need to be focus so as to make an interest in market of Canberra in the midst of 100 cheap food habitats. Reference List: Chaffey, D., Smith, P. R., Smith, P. R. (2012).eMarketing eXcellence: Planning and upgrading your computerized showcasing. Routledge. Garrigos-Simon, F. J., Lapiedra Alcam, R., Barber Ribera, T. (2012). Informal communities and Web 3.0: their effect on the administration and promoting of organizations.Management Decision,50(10), 1880-1890. Hollensen, S. (2015).Marketing administration: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Kotler, P., Burton, S., Deans, K., Brown, L., Armstrong, G. (2015).Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU. McDonald, M. H. (2013). Ten boundaries to advertising planning.Journal of Product Brand Management. Srensen, H. E. (2012).Business Development: a market-situated point of view. John Wiley Sons Ltd. Terpstra, V., Foley, J., Sarathy, R. (2012).International promoting. Naper Press. Thackeray, R., Neiger, B. L., Keller, H. (2012). Coordinating Social Media and Social Marketing A Four-Step Process.Health advancement practice,13(2), 165-168. Westwood, J. (2013).How to compose a promoting plan. Kogan Page Publishers. Wilson, R. M., Gilligan, C. (2012).Strategic promoting the board. Routledge.

Principles of Economics Essay

Italy is one of modern nations on the planet in European. As per Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (28 May 2009), Italy has two segments of economy; one is created modern north and less-created with high joblessness in south. In 2008, the joblessness rate in Italy was evaluated with 6. 8%, particularly in horticulture. In the current monetary emergency, numerous organizations stall out in money related challenges so they couldn't give work and pay enough pay for representatives. It prompts representatives excusal and laborers become joblessness. In some different cases, individuals lose their employments by their aptitudes are insufficient with work prerequisite and by numerous capricious reasons, in particular characteristic disaster, seismic tremor, torrent. Joblessness is one of the most mainstream issues in numerous nations everywhere throughout the world. High joblessness rate makes terrible impacts on national economy as well as everyday environment of residents. Individuals are eager to work yet they can not secure any position. They would need to diminish their requests with the goal that efficiency of firms additionally diminishes. Joblessness likewise influences to some different factors, for example, wellbeing, instruction, protection, and so forth. In numerous nations, the Government attempts to control joblessness rate viably. As a result of joblessness circumstance, the Government needs to spend more cash on contributing and buying merchandise and ventures made by firms to build efficiency in a brief timeframe. This area called Government consumption or Government spending. The more the Government spends on firms, the better the organization could be. Additionally, the Government likewise needs to spend a gigantic measure of cash on building schools, medical clinics and improving traffic framework every year. Particularly, the Government would be in control when there is any difficult that impacts common living, for example, neediness, informative infections, cataclysmic events and other social government aides for vagrant kids and elderly individuals. Outline OF THE ARTICLE: A tremor in Italy. â€Å"Death in the mountains† The article is about a seismic tremor occurred in L’Aquila, Italy as of late which caused in any event 250 cases demise; more than 1,000 harmed, lost 39 habitants of Onna single town and 13,000 structures harmed, (incorporated the noteworthy and masterful landmarks). Plus, there is 17,000 individuals got destitute and the quantity of the individuals who can't come back to their homes until having been examined is maybe upwards of 70,000. These numbers show that Italy all in all and its economy specifically is confronting a major difficulty. How does Italy manage this? Mr Silvio Berlusconi, the Minister of Economy and Finance of Italy right off the bat declared a dispatch of 14,500 tents for the destitute subsequent to visiting to the region and those individuals are being thought about by the legislature. He additionally chose to decrease offers of remote assistance regardless of the size of the harm is overwhelming and the open obligation is surpassing the yearly GDP of Italy. In addition, he planned to tap European Union assets just as going through some money for the development venture as a reaction to the financial emergency. Joblessness: Unemployment is basically known as individuals who are at the work age however as of now jobless, the individuals who are capable and ready to work yet can't get a new line of work or the individuals who quit their place of employment or being terminated for certain reasons. High joblessness makes terrible influence for the day to day environment of individuals as well as for the national economy. There are two sorts of joblessness: †¢ Disequilibrium joblessness is which happens when the normal genuine pay rate is higher than the point that compares the total interest and the flexibly of work. †¢ Equilibrium joblessness is which happens when there are individuals unfit or reluctant to secure positions. Applying to Italy economy, as per Italica news, the joblessness rate in Italy is very high, 7. 1 percent in quarter 4 of 2008. What's more, as referenced over, the as of late seismic tremor presents to Italy a major difficulty that it murdered individuals, decimated their homes, work spots, and subsequently, individuals abruptly become destitute, jobless. This effects to the living of individuals as well as leads the economy of Italy into profound downturn. Joblessness happens. Italy instance of joblessness is kind of disequilibrium joblessness: the quake devastated the work places, individuals clearly lose employments, in addition, when the structures fallen or are harmed, firms need to burn through cash on modify and fix things, in this way there will be a curtailed creation and on the quantity of work (request inadequate) and accordingly, the quantity of joblessness goes high (gracefully is higher than request), there is excess of work in Italy. Furthermore, this case can likewise be considered as frictional joblessness (a kind of harmony joblessness) in light of the fact that individuals are not willfully find employment elsewhere yet they are made excess and losing their work places. Also, utilizing the roundabout progression of salary will help clarify better how the seismic tremor influences the economy of Italy. At the point when individuals become joblessness, they will in general cut back their utilization (residential utilization merchandise and administration diminishes), begin sparing, along these lines, the organizations bring down their efficiency (national salary diminishes, net sparing increment). The Government will diminishes charges (net assessments decline), in contract, to revamp things, the speculation and government consumption will increment. The fare consumption and import use will diminish in light of the fact that tremor influences a ton on the travel industry of Italy as it devastated numerous antiquated structures of Italy and make this spot a wreck. (Y) (C) (I) (G) (X) (S) (T) (M) Present moment AND LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKES ON ITALY’S ECONOMY 1. Transient impacts †¢ Demand Curve P Supply bend move P1 Equilibrium P2 New Equilibrium New interest bend Demand bend Q2 Q1 Q Actually, due to firmly tremor annihilation, citizens’ lives are influenced. They live basically base on awards and cash that draw from the bank. The interest will diminish and bend move to one side so make another lower harmony. In this trouble, the organization can't forestall the business since individuals don’t need to go through cash. This change will exacerbate an impact to financial that despite everything got loads of issue. †¢ Circular Flow of Income Corruption (I) (G) (X) (Y) (C) (S) (T) (M) Transfer Payments Corruption Properly, the quake affected legitimately and emphatically to economy of Abruzzo locale just as GDP of Italy in 2009. Apply to the round progression of pay: Initially, individuals lost their homes and properties with the goal that the utilization of products and enterprises will diminish; after that the national pay additionally diminishes in light of the fact that organizations were crumpled by the tremor obliteration and the interest is lower. Firms would create less carry the cost to higher. Also, the sparing will diminish at the inadvertent area since individuals don't have such a lot of cash and increment in another spots on the grounds that the cost is higher, individuals much of the time set aside cash. Because of the falling of interest, banks and financial specialists will keep cash, spend less into the venture. Thirdly, government use must to spend an immense sum for modifying the framework, to be specific open transportation, pipelines, and power. In addition, the exchange installment is spent on joblessness, discovering passing and survivors under the vestiges, mitigating vagrants, giving beverages, food and clinical medicines. After the tremor, the organizations tumbled down; numerous employments lost; L’Aquila is the old city with acclaimed engineering, the travel industry is vigorously influenced so the tax assessment will diminish. Additionally, the debasement happened that cause the round progression of pay to decrease and littler and could be broken. To summarize, the round of pay is straightforwardly influenced by tremors just as catastrophic events. The answer for that difficult despite everything has numerous hindrances; Italy government and President Berlusconi must buckle down. 2. Long haul impacts. Tremor straightforwardly influenced certain macroeconomics factors incorporate regular assets, physical capital, human capital and innovation. Generally, the negative effects will be determined to the brief timeframe, yet positive impacts likewise are arranged forever. Initially, the characteristic assets is annihilated that have terrible effects the financial rely upon the travel industry like L’Aquila in no time, yet in the long haul, it contribute new scenes normally in pulling in individuals to come. Second, the physical capitals are fell and governments, financial specialists will put cash to assemble new ones quick and emphatically supplant the old. For instance, President and parliament intend to construct â€Å"British-style† new town in L’Aquila, make it progressively present day and prepared to create. The frameworks will give individuals the occupations in building and fixing. It influences on human capital who are joblessness and destitution in view of the debacle. Last, government will spend more to broaden the conjecture frameworks, cause it to turn out to be progressively exact and quicker in seeing the tremors. Unquestionably, negative or beneficial outcomes rely for the most part upon conditions. With the high position of debasements, open obligations and the downturn of national economy; Italy will put forth loads of attempts on turn round the turn of events and increment % GDP. Debasement: Corruption is an unavoidable truth around the globe, shows up in all nations with low, medium or even high-pay economy. Defilement prompts imbalance, squandered assets and squandered open cash. Defilement rises one of the most difficult issues inside Italian economy other than high pace of joblessness and open obligation, and it is connected personally with criminal association known as mafia. There are some various kinds of debasement, for example, pay off, coercion, tax avoidance, official wrongdoing, and so forth. (Free Commission Against Corruption. ) yet inside this work and the given contextual investigation we simply notice debasement in Italian open works. Straightforwardness International’s 2008 Bribe Payers’ Inde

Take Me Back to Tech (Guest Entry)

Take Me Back to Tech (Guest Entry) by Donald Guy Oh I wish that I were back again at Tech.. Well, we all heard the Chorollaries beautiful renditions of the Engineers Drinking Song, but there is another traditional MIT song (this one in the Logs standard repertoire) that (at least in bits) more accurately expresses a lot of prefroshs current feelings. This is quite seriously how I am feeling at the moment. Like a lot of prefrosh, I am dealing with a lot of senioritis (yes, there is a wikipedia article on it) and Im ready to head back to the tvte. Though I have some great friends here at home (many whom I will miss dearly), I feel like I have friends at (and soon to be at) MIT who I already miss. Since this is ostensibly a CPW entry, I guess I should talk about my CPW. Overall, my CPW was pretty tame. Keep in mind this is saying tame for CPW this is a lot like saying west campus people are normal (they are, for MIT). In any case, for a trip to my new favorite place, the beginning was less than glorious. It can be summed up well in one picture yea -_- Due to nice fog, my plane to Boston never touched down, so I went to Boston from Virgina Beach by way of Atlanta. While displacment is a vector, time is a scalar, so I caught the shuttle and arrived on campus a lot latter than intended (noonish rather than nineish). Over the weekend, the rest of my schedule has been covered by a lot of the other entrants: I was, at times, in the chat group with Omar (in the picture of the cameras, mine is the orange camera phone) I was there for Chriss head injury I went to the CSAIL presentation, 6.02 class, and EECS open house, Ball Drop and many other things where Karen could be found. (In general, her longer blog here closely follows my CPW experience (especially thursday, friday), though somehow I never actually met her) I went to see Roadkill Buffet like Joey C. Like lots of people, I was there for the Icebreakers, festival, Meet the Bloggers etc. Though I didnt play Underground CTF, I did play BCs CTF on Thursday night So, I wont bore you with too much redundant recounting. Quickly here are some pictures/videos I have to add (in roughly chronological order): the housing/dining info session The real beauty of CPW 4th East (Slugfest)s Iron Curtain music visulization project The poor orientation hosts who were in charge of running ice breakers on the chat group (and the one poor guy in the group who wasnt a chat person) The obligatory picture from the roof of Baker (before the party) A nearly empty infinite corridor at 2am on Thursday (Random Standard Time) Our hard-hatted tour group at the new grad dorm where the so-called Phoenix/W1 Incubator group will live for two years. Will U, Kimberly S 12 and I were the only prefrosh to go on the tour of the dorm. It was a really nice (albeit under construction) facility and really will afford the people who go for it great opportunities to jump-start the culture of the former-Ashdown house. That said, Im not sure if I can handle living one place 2 years (WAAY off campus) and another 2 years some place else, both new. For those of you who are adventurous, its definitely worth looking into. 6.02 Lecture on Variable Length Encoding. Very interesting and I actually understood it and learned a lot. Some (anti-)VI propaganda handed out at the EECS open house. (Note: free shirts that Omar didnt get!) The sounds (and almost sights) of the Ball Drop Snively + Me + Colberts my ______ friend pose = AMAZING PICTURE! (if only camera didnt ruin it) Random Halls flying cow. You can hear part of a Random Hall tour in the background As even these few meager pictures show, I had an awesome time at CPW. Keep in mind also that during some of the most awesome times, I was too busy (or forbidden hint) to be taking pictures. For example, during the GBIS A cappella concert, I was literally too awed by the awesome groups (several of which Id love to be a part of), to snap a picture. During the Roadkill Buffet performance (which I forewent Battle of the Bands for), I was much too busy laughing. By far the funniest moment to me, although it may not translate well to text, was during a game in which they had to interject phrases the audience wrote before the show into a scene, Actor 1: *pulls phrase from pocket* GERANIUM URANIUM! Actor 2: Yea, I remember man. Thats what we called you in high school. Everyone was afraid of the Geranium Uranium. I remember they called me *pulls phrase* Lions and Tigers and Bears Oh My! Actor 1: yep, we used to call you LTBOM for short .. I laughed to the point of tears (I think you had to be there). Overall, however, I find myself wanting more. Not more from CPW, but more from MIT I need more of MIT soon. This is partially my fault. I enrolled before CPW, so I wasnt running to make sure it was all for me and I feel like I left some things undone. I never saw Simmons nor Senior Haus; I hung out with the chat group a lot and, in doing so, didnt meet that many completely new people (though I actually probably am now best friends with some of the chat people I knew least before the weekend), and I feel like I probably slept too late. The larger cause of this yearning, however, lies squarely in the nature of CPW. CPW was MIT in super-condensed form and, as much as we tried, one simply couldnt experience it all. This isnt really a problem, but it does have a serious side effect: MIT Addiction. I want to go back ASAP. I realize that real MIT life involves a lot of tooling, but Im ready to face that for the rest of it (plus I actually love learning, so maybe psets wont always be torture) (one can hope). I feel ready to learn, ready to tool, ready to punt, ready to hack (if the occasion arises). And yet orientation is 4 months and 3 days away. Being the smart one I am (I got into MIT!), I know that there is still a LOT of fun to enjoy here in my senior year. I will continue to keep that in mind, but like a lot of prefrosh, I find myself singing Take Me Back to Tech. So hoorah for technology, ology, ology oh. ^__^ Until August, ~Donald Guy 12

The Beloved Country Cries in Pain - Literature Essay Samples

Written at the pinnacle of South Africas social and racial crisis, Alan Patons novel Cry, the Beloved Country traces the struggle of two families, black and white, through their shared suffering and the devotion to their beloved country that unites them in the end. Paton thoughtfully weaves his plot to show the diverse populations differing viewpoints on many social issues, mostly through the eyes of the main characters. His unique sense of style manifests, however, through his use of intercalary chapters, chapters in the novel which in no way contribute to the storyline, but rather exemplify the terrible social situations in parts of South Africa unknown to the main characters and, therefore, the reader. The book is, in essence, politically allegorical. Paton offers the fictional story of a humble black priest and an enlightened white mans final harmonization, through which a former wasteland returns to fertility, to reveal to the rest of South Africa that all hope for the future is not lost.A description begins the novel: there is a lovely road that runs from Ixopo into the hills. These hills are grass-covered and rolling, and they are lovely beyond any singing of it. The author speaks of the beauty of Africa, but rapidly the tone changes into that of despair: But the rich hills break downfor they grow red and bare; they cannot hold the rain and mist, and the streams are dry The symbolic redness of the earth signifies blood; a land formed in the bloodshed of war; a nation bleeding in anguish at the degradation of her people.A simple country priest, Stephen Kumalo, lives this degradation; everywhere, his small village of Ndotsheni is dying. The traditional tribe is disintegrating, the chief a meaningless figurehead, and the real power replaced with the white mans authority: Christianity. The village is made of old men and old women, of mothers and children, because the able-bodied youth are leaving. The maize hardly reaches the height of a man Kumalo laments, always saying more than just words. Food becomes scarcer as the land grows sicker, and with no food in the rural areas, the native people leave their ancestral homes and travel to what they believe is opportunity: the great city of Johannesburg. It is there that utter moral corruption sets in, for those who go to Johannesburg never come back.Stephen Kumalo experiences this knowledge first-hand, through his sister, Gertrude, who left to find her husband who also never returned from the city, and his own son, Absalom, who went looking for work and eventually just stopped writing. With the arrival of a mysterious letter speaking of Gertrudes desperate need for help, Kumalo embarks upon a quest to Johannesburg hoping to discover the whereabouts and situation of his lost family.A naive man, he is shocked by what he finds there, and how the city has betrayed the native people into depravity. Illegal alcohol, prostitution, thievery, and even murder abound among the natives in the writhing cesspool of Johannesburg. Yet even through this, Kumalo is able to find a friend in a fellow priest Msimangu, and together they begin to search for the remnants of the old mans kin. Gertrude, to his dismay, has become no exception to this rule: she is a prostitute, selling her body for money, because she has no other means by which to support herself and her son. Upon discovery, however, she immediately repents her sinful ways, giving Kumalo hope that perhaps Absalom, too, will see the light when found. But his son is not found, not at least, until it is too late. Retracing Absaloms steps, the elderly priest is confronted by the frightening truths of the citys wretchedness: he searches through junkyard Shanty Towns where the unemployed live in pitiful houses made from scraps of tin, and through crowded rent-houses filled with prostitutes, thieves, and frightened people. Fear pervades throughout this first part of the novel; whites afraid of the blacks, blacks afraid of the whites, a nd blacks even afraid of each other. It is in desperate fear that Kumalo finally finds his son. Absalom, a former perpetrator of petty crimes, has finally committed the greatest sin of all: murder, ironically, the murder of a white man most committed to helping the impoverished blacks, Arthur Jarvis. The grief-stricken priest must find a lawyer for his son and prepare for the possibility of the death sentence if Absalom were to be convicted. The trial is filled with injustice, from minor representations of early apartheid, such as different seating areas for whites and blacks, to the actual results of the case: Absalom Kumalo is sentenced to death, even though the murder was unintentional, a robbery gone bad, and Absalom had fired only out of fear. At any other time period, murder without malice would have been confined to a sentence of manslaughter. The author makes it clear that most likely, the unfair sentence was due to the fact that with apartheid, a black man murdering a white man deserves none but the ultimate punishment.But with death comes rebirth. Kumalo can only take some joy that his sons girlfriend is with child, and eagerly wants to return to Ndotsheni with Kumalo, away from the perversions of the city. This unborn child, along with Gertrudes son, gives the reader a first glimpse of hope in the younger generation; instead of leaving the village to go to the city and be corrupted, children from the city are returning to their homelands and back to morality.Book II opens with a description similar to the opening of the novel describing Ndotsheni: there is a lovely road that runs from Ixopo into the hills. However, this is where the similarity ends. This description moves not from the hills into the barren valleys, but rather up on the tops, where the grass is rich and matted, and there is one of the finest farms of (the) countryside. It is called High Place, where the father of Arthur Jarvis, James, coincidentally lives, literally neighbors with th e starving village of Ndotsheni.James Jarvis plays an increasingly important role by the end of Books II and III, as his relationship with the Zulu pastor becomes closer, brought together by the mutual respect of having both, in one way or another, lost a son. Ironically, it is only through Arthur Jarvis death, that James Jarvis, upon perusal of his sons manuscripts on native crime, begins to question his own views on the native question. The elder Jarvis, having never before taken his son very seriously, feels a quiet obligation to his sons memory to understand what he believed in. He reads about Abraham Lincoln, the great emancipator, who freed the black slaves in America almost a century earlier. He also reads the many articles his son wrote, and about the activist organizations Arthur was a part of, and feelings of forgiveness begin to replace the hatred in his heart. Throughout the novel and with his sons death, James Jarvis is faced with a crossroads: he could take the path of revenge and therefore destruction; or, the path of forgiveness, making something positive out of such a tragedy. Jarvis chooses forgiveness, and thus begins the restoration, in some small way, of South Africa.In Johannesburg, Jarvis donates a large amount of money to his sons favorite foundation, dedicated to helping the black population. Back in Ndotsheni, Jarvis realizes why infertility engulfs the land, that is, the Zulus do not have the agricultural knowledge to correctly farm, being a naturally nomadic people. He immediately hires a knowledgeable agricultural instructor, to teach the people how to farm. This is a first step towards restoring the tribe, as now with food and work in the fields, the youth can stay with their families. He promises a new church, reaffirming the role of religion and spirituality in the villagers lives.Near the end of the novel, Arthur Jarvis son, staying with his grandfather, comes to visit and talk Zulu with Stephen Kumalo. The boy, hearing that th e children are sick because they have no milk to drink, rides away and milk is delivered the next day to the dying children, saving many lives. The boy represents the hope for the younger white generation. He is interested in Zulu culture, not destroying it, and actually cares about the welfare of the black children. He is clearly his fathers son.The final scene of the novel symbolically illustrates fertility and rebirth returning to the land, through the different colors of Africa uniting together and achieving an ultimate good in the face of destruction. The titihoya, a rare bird who cries only in fertile areas, awakens and takes flight. Light and dark imagery contrast, with light representing knowledge and awakening: Yes, it is dawn that has come, as it has come for a thousand centuries, never failing. Ndotsheni is still in darkness, but it will come there also. The dawn also represents a dawn of a new age, impressing upon the reader that peace is possible with total love and for giveness, but when, why, that is a secret.

Best Majors for Law School Applicants

Individual Employment Opportunity Act An Employer

Compensation is one of the most important aspects of business. It attracts, motivates, and retains skilled employees; therefore, evaluating compensation correctly to meet the needs of the business and satisfy the wants of the employee is also extremely important. The aspects that Echo Inc. should consider when evaluating their compensation practices are the different limitations placed on pay, the benefits that are required by the government, optional benefits, and the different pay for performance plans. When considering how to pay employees, a business must factor in the legal requirements of pay placed by the government. Government regulations affect pay by implementing the equal employment opportunity, minimum wage, overtime pay, and†¦show more content†¦Although, company’s do not have to pay salary workers for over time. Two additional federal laws, the Davis- Bacon Act of 1931 and the Walsh-Healy Public Contracts Act of 1936, govern how much federal contractors are paid. The calculation of prevailing wages at which federal contractors must be paid is thirty percent of the local labor force. These regulations must be taken into consideration when deciding an employee’s base pay. There are various pay level strategies to choose from including: lead the market, match the market, lag the market, hybrid, employer of choice, or cafeteria plan. Setting higher wages than competitors helps attract quality applicants in larger quantities. It also increases employeeà ¢â‚¬â„¢s work efforts, reduce turnover, and lower monitoring costs. While high wages are beneficial to the employees a business determine if they can afford to pay a higher wage, or if the money could be better used somewhere else within the company. The government not only places certain limitations on pay they also require employers to provide certain benefits. These required benefits are social security, unemployment insurance, workers’ compensation, unpaid family and medical leave, and health care benefits. The Social Security Act of 1935 provides that if a worker meets certain requirements they will receive retirement benefits that are based off their age and earning history. Over 90% of U.S. employees are covered under this program. The Social Security Act also

Theories of Plate Tectonics - 1109 Words

According to the theory of plate tectonics there is constant motion in the lithosphere which causes the many plates lying upon it to move relatively to one another due to convection currents. There are 3 boundaries where volcanic and seismic events, but not limited to, occur. The constructive plate boundary is where 2 plates, such as the North American plate and the Eurasian plate move apart causing sea-floor spreading and volcanic activity – when the less dense basaltic lava from the asthenosphere rises and forms new crust. The destructive plate margin is where dense oceanic plate is subducted under a continental plate forming a sea trench and fold mountains (e.g. the Nazca plate suducting under the South American plate has formed the Peru-Chile trench and the Andes Mountains); when two oceanic plates converge subdution begins. This forms ocean trenches and island arcs (e.g. the Pacific plate is being subducted under the Philippine plate forming the Marianas Trench and the volcanic islands Guam and Marianas. Seismic activity also occurs along the subducting plate being melted. Fold mountains are also formed when 2 continental plates converge, there is no subdution and no volcanic activity, however, the movement of the plates can cause shallow-focus earthquakes. This convergence is also referred to as collision zones. A prime example is the Indo-Australian plate being forced northwards into the Eurasian plate forming the Himalayas range. The final plate boundary is theShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Plate Tectonics769 Words   |  4 PagesPlate Tectonics The theory of plate tectonics has been explored throughout history because of similarities in coastal boundaries and other evidence found such as fossil records, geometric fit, mountain episodes, the paleoclimate observed, information about the ocean floor, ancient magnetism, distribution of volcanoes and earthquakes and heat flow from the earths core. There were early theories from Wegner’s continental drift which lacked an explanation for the mechanism that drove the continentsRead MoreThe Theory Of Plate Tectonics1561 Words   |  7 PagesPlate tectonics is the theory that the Earth’s crust is divided into large and small plates that move slowly over time. The Earth’s lithosphere is made up eight major plates which include the Africa Plate, Antarctic Plate, Indo-Australian Plate, Australian Plate, Eurasian Plate, North American Plate, South American Plate, and the Pacific Plate. Earth also has dozens of smaller, minor plates (Plate Boundaries). Scientists used this theory to explain what is happening on Earth’s surface. The movementRead MoreThe Theory Of Plate Tectonics1049 Words   |  5 PagesThe Theory of Plate Tectonics. The Theory of Plate Tectonics states that the lithosphere is divided into dozens of plates float on the asthenosphere and the plates move by convection currents. The theory was proposed in 1912 by Alfred Wegener, a German scientist. I will be discussing the evidence on the theory how we are able to better understand it, along with how we are able to prove his theory more accurate with modern technology. I will also be discussing how natural things such as, mountainsRead MoreThe Theory Of Plate Tectonics917 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Earth. The theory of plate tectonics helps to explain how these changes happen. Plate tectonics is the scientific theory that describes the movement of Earth’s lithosphere which is the outer crust or Earth’s surface. The Theory of Plate tectonics states that the Earth’s crust is divided into many large and some smaller plates that move horizontal to each other. These plates move across the asthenosphere, which is a more pliable surface compared to the lithosphere (Kious). The theory is relativelyRead MoreThe Theory Of Plate Tectonics1487 Words   |  6 PagesThe theory of plate tectonics says the lithosphere is split into different plates that move around on top of the surface of the Earth. Though it is just a theory geologic time, ocean trenches, seafloor spreading, mountains, volcanoes, and earthquakes are all examples of evidence that support the theory of plate tectonics. Geologic time shows sediment patterns in different layers of the Earth. Geologic time is separated in three main periods called the Cenozoic Era, the Paleozoic Era, and the MesozoicRead MorePlate Tectonics Theories Analysis Essay852 Words   |  4 PagesPlate Tectonics Theories Analysis Since the beginning of human kind there has been a cloud of wonder regarding the natural processes and patterns of our planet. Scientist interested in this field through out the years, have developed many different theories to how our planet geological features have come about. The most widely accepted theory in this field is that of plate tectonics. For those who do not know much about the theory of plate tectonics;Read MoreThe Theory Of Plate Tectonics And Continental Drift950 Words   |  4 PagesThe concept of plate tectonics is that the lithosphere, which is the higher layers of the Earth’s surface, is separated into a number of plates that float independently over the mantle and along the boundaries that initiate the development of new crust, the building of mountains, and the seismic movement that triggers earthquakes (Geosystems 340). Scientists have discovered that the landforms and geographic regions we know and live on today were formed when plate tectonics shift and create movementRead MoreVolcanic and Seismic Events as Proof of Plate Tectonic Theory2670 Words   |  11 Pagesevidence towards proving that plate tectonics theory is valid. A seismic event is the transient motion and release of kinetic energy caused by sudden failure of the earths crust, usually felt as shaking or tremors in the rock mass. Seismic events range in size from barely perceptible tremors to major earthquakes. Volcanic events occur when there is a release of magma, gas and ash from the Earth’s crust. The entire outer surface of the planet is divided into these plate formations with approximatelyRead MoreThe Theory Of Plate Tectonics And Earth s Crust Displacement1217 Words   |  5 Pagescompleted masterpiece due to this. Why is this? The most recent physical changes were caused by the theory of plate tectonics and earth’s crust displacement. Plate tectonics and its movement resulted in our continents drifting across the earth’s surface, and the creation of mountain belts, volcanoes, and the faults of today’s Earth. A German meteorologist and explorer Alfred Wegener put forth the theory of continental drift in the early 1900’s. Wegener pointed out that the earth’s continents lookedRead MoreTo what extent are volcanic landforms fundamental to our understanding of plate tectonics theory?1856 Words   |  8 Pageslandforms fundamental to our understanding of plate tectonics theory? (40) Plate tectonics theory is the scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of the Earth’s lithosphere, which is broken up into tectonic plates. Volcanic landforms are undoubtedly very important in aiding our understanding of plate tectonic theory. However, there is other evidence that must be considered as well. Different types of volcanoes are created at plate margins due to the viscosity of the lava. The

Essay about Music of The Civil War - 735 Words

The War Between the States was complex. If you wish to understand the events, you should refer to a textbook. Music of the time, however, helps us delve into people’s thoughts and opinions on the war, slavery, and many other important issues in our country’s history. Prior to the civil war, American music followed its European roots. During the civil war, American music began to develop in its own way, largely influenced by the music of the African-Americans. The war produced many well-known songs. These songs were important in their time and they are still known to many people today. Music was important to the Union and also to the Confederacy. The troops sang on battlefields, around campfires and while marching. They sang to make†¦show more content†¦The southerners sang songs in these genres -rallying songs, sentimental favorites, campfire favorites, and patriotic songs. During the early days of the war, the rebel troops, inflicted defeats on the union and sang marching songs of victory. During this time of hope for the south, some of the best war songs were written. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Since each side copied songs from the other side, many songs have at least two versions. Northerner, George Root, wrote a famous rallying song called the â€Å"Battle Cry Of Freedom†. The song was about the flag, which was a very important symbol at the time. There are many legends about this song and its influence on the troops of the union army. The song was extremely popular throughout the war. It ended up being parodied in the south. Both sides used the song as a marching song. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The most popular marching song of the Union troops was â€Å"John Brown’s Body Lies a Mould’ ring in the Grave.† written by Thomas Bishop. Abolitionist, Julia Ward Howe, who wrote words to the tune and made it into â€Å"The Battle Hymn of The Republic†, heard this song. The song has become one of the most well known of patriotic songs. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Another popular song was â€Å"Dixie’s Land†. It was a northern minstrel song, which caught on in the south. The writer ofShow MoreRelatedMusic in the Civil War600 Words   |  3 PagesMusic in the Civil War The North and the South both used music extensively during the Civil War. They used it to rally troops, to march by, as recreation, and many more reasons. When the soldiers would march off to war, they took a love of song that was divided among them. General Robert E. Lee once said, â€Å"Without music, there would have been no army, music is as indispensable to warfare as money.† Alot of the time the North and the South would borrow each others tunes and lyrics. Often times theRead MoreMusic of the Civil War751 Words   |  4 PagesThe War Between the States was complex. If you wish to understand the events, you should refer to a textbook. Music of the time, however, helps us delve into peoples thoughts and opinions on the war, slavery, and many other important issues in our countrys history. Prior to the civil war, American music followed its European roots. During the civil war, American music began to develop in its own way, largely influenced by the music of the Afri can-Americans. The war produced many well-knownRead MoreCivil War Music505 Words   |  2 PagesCivil War Music Music was a vital part of the war. The Civil War had also been referred to Americas â€Å"great musical war.† There was a rank for musicians. They played at recruitment rallies and kept up the troops morale. Their main job was to relay orders from higher ranking officers. The branches of the military determined which instrument made the calls. The drummer boys, fife players, buglers and the songs that they performed played a significant part in the war. Drummer boys enlistedRead MoreImportance of Music During the Civil War892 Words   |  4 Pages1861, the civil war began. It was a war between the north, or the Union, and the south, or the Confederacy over slavery. The Union had an army of nearly two million soldiers, while the south had approximately half because of their population differences. About 620,000 total soldiers died from combat, starvation, disease, or even accident. The civil war was the bloodiest battle in the history of our country and resulted in the greatest number of casualties compared to any of American war. SoldiersRead MoreRole Of Music During The Civil War1489 Words   |  6 PagesUS History I Honors 27 February 2015 Did music play a significant role in motivating soldiers to overcome their hardships in both the Union and Confederate armies during the Civil War? General Lee once remarked, â€Å"Without music, there would have been no army† (Kehoe). The New York Herald concurred with Lee in 1862 when a reporter wrote, â€Å"All history proves that music is as indispensable to warfare as money; and money has been called the sinews of war. Music is the soul of Mars...† (Bowman). It is evidentRead MoreMusic ´s Role in the Civil War501 Words   |  2 PagesI dont believe we can have an army without music. said Confederate General Robert E. Lee. Many think that the Civil War was a time of fighting and do not recognize that music played a key role in the war. Americans used music to try and explain more of what happened instead of pictures. Whether it was used to bring back memories of loved ones and home, boost the morale of the soldiers, or state political standpoints; music was very common to both the Union and the Confederate states. DifferentRead MoreCivil War And The 1960s1631 Words   |  7 PagesA History of Protest Music – Revolutionary War to the 1960s Protest music in the United States dates back to the 19th century. This protest music focused around subjects that were topical for the time period. Among these topics were the Civil War. Another topic was slavery, and its abolition. A final topic was women’s suffrage. A famous group of protest singers was the Hutchinson Family Singers. Their notoriety, which spanned the mid-19th century, began in 1839. Their songs about abolition wereRead MoreThe ‘60s: Culture and Music Essay1478 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, music have defined or depicted the culture and social events in America. Music has constantly played an important role in constituting American culture, where people have expressed themselves through music during flourishing and turbulent times. In the 1930’s, Swing music created a platform for audiences to vent their emotions in the midst of Great Depression and political unrest. Such strong relationship between music and culture can be seen throughout history, especially inRead MoreIn the 1960s, People Turned to Music for Hope, Peace, and Happiness1215 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the 1960s and the early 1970s, music reflected the political and social changes that America was undergoing at the time. Some of these ma jor changes included the African-American civil rights movement and the conflict over America’s role in the Vietnam War. During these hard times, people turned to music for hope, peace, happiness and answers. The African-American civil rights movement was a cruel time for the African American race to endure due to the harsh discrimination and segregationRead MoreHistory of the Blues Essay1018 Words   |  5 Pages In one way shape or form Blues music has influenced almost every music artist and their work. Jazz and Blues gave way to such artists as Elvis Presley and Chuck Barry. The history and origins of Blues traces back many generations. Many articles have been written over the years helping readers better understand the history and importance of Blues music. All the articles have a similar attitude toward The Blues. Each article makes Blues Musics social and musical importance and impact blaringly

Future in Psychology Free Essays

When going into the field of psychology, one is able to explore many different careers. In this paper I will exam the career of teaching, and talk about the requirements one must obtain to become a teacher. I will also discuss the training for this field, preparations one should make when entering this field and the salary and advancement this field offers. We will write a custom essay sample on Future in Psychology or any similar topic only for you Order Now When choosing what field one wants to go into, one should choose what they are interested in. I chose teaching because I like working with children and enjoy being a part of a child’s growing up experience. By choosing the psychology, special education major, it allows me to do the career I wanted. In the past ten years, the enrollment in teaching training has increased. More and more people are choosing teaching as their profession. The requirements from the Department of Education are different for each state. At Marist College, they offer a New York State approved and registered undergraduate programs. This certification leads to different fields that one can go into. For example, one could chose, elementary and special education, which gives them a dual certification. This specific certification gives a background in liberal arts and in psychology. Graduates of this program are prepared to teach in a regular elementary classroom and are also able to teach in a setting with students that have special educational needs. The requirements for the program are that one must have a grade point average of a least 2.7, and have grades of a least a C+ in all courses in the professional sequence. Candidates in New York state must pass two exams and have three letters of recommendation. Teachers work thirty-five to forty weeks for a ten- month school year. An average salary in New Jersey’s public schools for preschool is about 24,665 dollars per year. State wide elementary teachers earn an average of 45,880 per year. Substitute teachers earn eight dollars and ninety-two cents per hour. Once employed advancement comes with higher pay for experience and additional education. A teacher may obtain their tenure after a three-year probationary period. The employment for teaching jobs is expected to grow about as fast as the average for all occupations through the year 2005. The employment growth is compared to the population growth. The supply of teachers will increase as improvement of job prospect increases. The public and state agencies are demanding higher standards in public education. Therefore, teachers will not only be in demand programs, but will need stronger backgrounds in education and psychology. The enrollment in teaching training has also increased within the past five years. I conclusion, the psychology, special education major is one that will prepare me for my career choice. Teaching is an important career and one that requires not only a solid education, but a love for children. It does have some requirements that may be difficult to obtain, but in the long run it will make it easier to obtain a good job. Teaching is a career that offers different things. By developing one’s skills in basic reading, writing and math, one is able to give students the skill they need. How to cite Future in Psychology, Papers

Womens Voices in Indian English Poetry free essay sample

Though the feminist writer claims,’Women are one half of the sky’,but history witnesses anguish and agony of women. They have been kept away from basic needs and fundamental rights and their world have been merely treated as an object of sensual satisfaction. Indian women poets reveal the mind boggling variety of theme as well as that poetry is capable of offering. Toru Dutt,Sarojini Naidu,Kamala Das,Imtiaz Dharkar –these poets have often raised their voices against social and cultural conventions that blocks their freedom. They believe that women need to explore their collective consciousness and shared experience in order to transcend the fragmentation and isolation of their lives. Toru Dutt was the first Indian women poet to write in English and her work depicts archetypes of Indian womanhood such as ‘Sita’ and ‘Savitri’,showing women in suffering. Sarajini Naidu is most lyrical woman poet of India. Her poetry reflects involvement with Indian life. We will write a custom essay sample on Womens Voices in Indian English Poetry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Love is the prominent theme of her poetry where women are shown as a sacred beloved who are ready to surrender before their lovers, ‘If you call me,I will come Swifter o my love Than a trembling forest deer Or a panting dove’ Kamala Das has opened new dimension in the field of recent Indian English Poetry. Her confessional poetry was the exploration of the man –woman relationship. Her ‘My Story’ contains an open statement about poet’s effort to defined expose the prison in which she finds herself trapped. The predominant theme is the difficulty of being a woman in Indian society and finding love. She also attempts to explore the quest for self identity and the stark reality within and around her. In ‘An Introduction’-she writes, â€Å"†¦why not let me speak in /Any language,I like? The language I speak/Becomes mine,its distortion,its querness/All mine,mine Alone†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . In ‘I shall some day’Das talks about her will for freedom- ‘I shall some day leave,leave the cocoon You built around me with morning tea †¦ I shall some day take wings,fly around as often petals , Do when free in air,†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Mamta kalia’s poems on love,marriage,family life and society are noticeable for freshness,irony ,wit,and satire but most of all for her feminist concern. She exposes ruthlessly the contemporary chaotic condition in Indian society. The poetry of Sujata Mudayil is poetry of experience and an insight to life. ’Women’s Loneliness ‘ mirrors the feminine longings for perfection and search for joys of tomorrow that end in loanliness. In Imtiaz Dharkar’s poem ‘Purdah’ she finds different meanings in purdah at different times. It is obviously ‘a kind of safety/The body finds a place to hide’but she also points out the another meaning of it’ the purdah of the mind’. To fight for the dignity and true emancipation of women is the most difficult task especially because it involves values and attitudes that are deep rooted not only in the minds of men but also in the consciousness of women. So many women poets other than the above mentioned ,Sujata Bhatt ,Monika Verma they are all trying to establish their views on the position of women through their writings. Mamta kalia in ‘My hour of discontent’ tells that she finds some kind of emancipation from her inner turmoil through writing to fight against oppression.

Business Ethics and Sustainability International Issues

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Ethics and Sustainability for International Issues. Answer: Introduction It is argued that international issues in business ethics are purely a matter of relativism. Cultural relativism contends that no culture values are superior to another; hence there are no global wrongs or rights. For this reason, individual organizations must respect the cultures of the host country despite being unacceptable or significantly different to their nation of origin. In this context, organizations must realize that in some countries, they cannot conduct business unless they respect their culture. For this reason, the paper aims to react to the above statement. Response to the Above Statement In the global business environment, cross-cultural management challenges often emerge. However, foreign company managers need to comprehend the importance of embracing local cultures in enhancing their competitiveness in the industry. Nonetheless, they are not expected to engage in cultural aspects that undermine their values as an organization (Schmidtmmann, 2006: 5). Based on the introductory paragraph, it is not ethical for a multinational corporation to adhere to a culture that is unacceptable or significantly distinct from their home country. On the contrary, companies should focus on helping their managers differentiate between practices that are unethical such as accepting a bribe and those that are against their core values (Moran, Harris Moran, 2011: 56). Likewise, when working in a different business environment, businesses must focus on respecting core human values, local traditions, and basing their decisions on the fact that context matters when deciding what is wrong or right. Respecting cultural differences is essential because it is a clear indication that each and every culture exhibits hidden strengths and apparent weakness. To avoid issues associated with cultural differences, it is important for organizations to design a consistent framework to use in all countries they expand their operations. List of References Moran, R.T., Harris, P.R., Moran, S.V.(2011) Managing Cultural Differences, London: Routledge. Schmidtmmann, L.(2006) Differences of Culture, German: Grin Verlag

AP English Language Sample Essay - A Great Way to Practice Your English Language Skills

AP English Language Sample Essay - A Great Way to Practice Your English Language SkillsOne of the best ways to brush up on your English language skills is through a creative application of AP English language sample essays. If you have never used this practice before, it can be quite overwhelming at first. You will need to learn some tips on how to write the best AP English language sample essay, but nothing in this world is impossible!The best way to begin the process is to familiarize yourself with the structure of an AP English language sample essay. This entails the idea that an essay is essentially comprised of five parts. They are the introduction, body, main idea, conclusion and closing. By practicing on these examples of AP English language sample essays, you can quickly and easily get the feel for writing any type of essay.Now that you are more comfortable with the idea of writing an essay, you are ready to move on to a good way to research an English language sample essay. One of the quickest ways to find an AP English language sample essay to use as a starting point is online. Online research is fast and easy and can save you time and money. You will be able to find many samples and tutorials online to learn from.However, before you begin your research for the sample, you should make sure that the essay is grammatically correct. If you find that the grammar is not correct, then it may not be the right one for you. Make sure that the essays used are not only formatted correctly, but also are complete.In order to do well on an AP English language sample essay, you must remember that every topic must be covered. This is true in grammar, vocabulary, style and tone. You must know how to use all of these concepts.These basics of writing should help you learn as you go alongas you prepare for your English language test. You will be able to write in a more polished style that is more natural, and have more confidence when you take the exam.You can learn a lo t about yourself and your writing when you take an AP English language sample essay. With a little bit of effort and patience, you will be able to move on to writing your own unique essays.

Amx Resources Essays (379 words) - Economy, Corporate Finance

Amx Resources AMX Resources: Share Prices and Company Details Company Details Directors ID Love ( Director, Non-executive Dir. ) MJ Palmer ( Chairman, Director, Non-executive Dir. ) W Loxton ( Managing Director ) C Ansell ( Non-executive Dir. ) B Camarri ( Non-executive Dir. ) With the $30,000 I had to invest I bought 37980 shares in the company at $0.79. Then I waited and hoped that they would go up. When the shares reached the price of $1.24 I sold them. One reason for this was that on observing the stock exchange and some of the stocks that rise rapidly is that after a while the stocks drop because everybody wants to sell them before other people do and the price drops. The day after I sold the shares in AMX Resources the price dropped $0.14 to $1.10. After that it dropped steadily to $0.98. When it reached this point I thought I might buy them again but I didnt and the price didnt rise until after our trading time had finished. Reasons I chose to buy the shares ?h Will Becker gave me a tip. (A big reason as I dont have much idea on the stock exchange) ?h I looked into the company and there was a bit of movement going on and so I thought it might go up. ?h I didnt have anything else to invest in. ?h It was a mining share and so prone to extremely big changes. AMX Resources is a company mainly involved in the gold exploration sector. The company has been around for a while and so I thought it would be a good buy. Another thing I looked at whilst looking for a share to buy was the year high and the year low. I suppose in a way I was lucky that someone in our group was pretty involved in the stock exchange. I was also lucky that the stock went up and didnt crash. There is not much control over the stock market and so any money that is won is either a lot of good luck or a bit and some good management. With this share I started with $30,000. After I sold them I had $47,095. Economics Essays

Pride and Prejudice Characters

'Pride and Prejudice' Characters In Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice, most of the characters are members of the landed gentry- that is, non-titled landowners. Austen is famous for writing sharp observations of this small circle of country gentry and their social entanglements, and Pride and Prejudice is no exception. Many of the characters in Pride and Prejudice are well-rounded individuals, particularly the two leads. However, other characters exist largely to serve the thematic purpose of satirizing society and gender norms. Elizabeth Bennet The second-eldest of the five Bennet daughters, Elizabeth (or â€Å"Lizzy†) is the novels protagonist. Quick-witted, playful, and intelligent, Elizabeth has mastered the art of being polite in society while holding tightly to her strong opinions in private. Elizabeth is a sharp observer of others, but she also has a tendency to prize her ability to pass judgments and form opinions quickly. She’s often embarrassed by her mother and younger sisters’ indelicate and rude behavior, and although she’s acutely aware of her familys financial standing, she still hopes to marry for love rather than convenience. Elizabeth is immediately offended when she overhears criticism of herself expressed by Mr. Darcy. All her suspicious about Darcy are then confirmed when she befriends an officer, Wickham, who tells her how Darcy mistreated him. As time goes on, Elizabeth learns that first impressions can be mistaken, but she remains angry at Darcy for meddling in her sister Janes budding romance with Bingley. Following Darcy’s failed proposal and subsequent explanation of his past, Elizabeth comes to realize that her prejudices have blinded her observation and that her feelings might be deeper than she first realized. Fitzwilliam Darcy Darcy, a wealthy landowner, is the novel’s male lead and, for a time, Elizabeth’s antagonist. Haughty, taciturn, and somewhat antisocial, he does not endear himself to anyone upon first entering society and is generally perceived as a cold, snobbish man. Mistakenly convinced that Jane Bennet is only after his friend Bingley’s money, he attempts to separate the two. This meddling earns him further dislike from Janes sister Elizabeth, for whom Darcy has been developing feelings. Darcy proposes to Elizabeth, but his proposal emphasizes Elizabeths inferior social and financial status, and an insulted Elizabeth responds by revealing the depth of her dislike for Darcy. Although Mr. Darcy is proud, stubborn, and very status-conscious, he is actually a deeply decent and compassionate man. His enmity with the charming Wickham turns out to be based on Wickham’s manipulations and attempted seduction of Darcy’s sister, and he demonstrates his kindness by providing the money to turn Wickham’s elopement with Lydia Bennet into a marriage. As his compassion grows, his pride recedes, and when he proposes to Elizabeth a second time, it is with respect and understanding. Jane Bennet Jane is the eldest Bennet sister and widely considered to be the sweetest and prettiest. Gentle and optimistic, Jane tends to think the best of everyone, which comes back to hurt her when she overlooks Caroline Bingleys manipulative efforts to separate Jane from Mr. Bingley. Jane’s romantic misadventures teach her to be more realistic about the motivations of others, but she never falls out of love with Bingley and happily accepts his proposal when he returns to her life. Jane is a counterbalance, or foil, to Elizabeth: gentle and trusting in contrast to Lizzy’s sharp tongue and observant nature. Nevertheless, the sisters share a genuine affection and joyful nature. Charles Bingley Similar in temperament to Jane, it’s no wonder that Mr. Bingley falls in love with her. While he’s of very average intelligence and is a bit naà ¯ve, he’s also open-hearted, unfailingly polite, and naturally charming, which puts him in direct contrast with his reticent, arrogant friend Darcy. Bingley falls in love at first sight with Jane, but leaves Meryton after being convinced of Janes indifference by Darcy and his sister Caroline. When Bingley reappears later in the novel, having learned that his loved ones were mistaken, he proposes to Jane. Their marriage is a counterpoint to Elizabeth and Darcys: while both couples were kept apart despite being well-matched, Jane and Bingleys separation was caused by external forces (manipulative relatives), whereas Lizzy and Darcys early conflict was caused by their own character traits. William Collins The Bennets’ estate is subject to an entail that means it will be inherited by the nearest male relative: their cousin, Mr. Collins. A self-important, deeply ridiculous parson, Collins is an awkward and mildly irritating man who believes himself to be deeply charming and clever. He intends to make up for the inheritance situation by marrying the eldest Bennet daughter, but upon learning that Jane is likely to become engaged, he turns his attentions instead on Elizabeth. It takes a remarkable amount of convincing to persuade him that she is uninterested in him, and he soon marries her friend Charlotte instead. Mr. Collins takes great pride in the patronage of Lady Catherine de Bourgh, and his sycophantic nature and pompous attention to rigid social constructs means he gets along with her quite well. Lydia Bennet As the youngest of five Bennet sisters, fifteen-year-old Lydia is considered the spoiled, impetuous one of the bunch. She’s frivolous, self-absorbed, and obsessed with flirting with officers. She behaves impulsively, thinking nothing of eloping with Wickham. She then winds up in a hastily-made marriage to Wickham, arranged in the name of restoring her virtue, despite the fact that the match will surely be unhappy for Lydia. In the context of the novel, Lydia is treated as silly and thoughtless, but her narrative arc is also the result of the limitations she experiences as a woman in nineteenth century society. Mary Bennet, Lydias sister, conveys Austens sharp assessment of gender (in)equality with this statement: Unhappy as the event must be for Lydia, we may draw from it this useful lesson: that loss of virtue in a female is irretrievable; that one false step involves her in endless ruin. George Wickham A charming militiaman, Wickham befriends Elizabeth right away and confides to her his mistreatment at the hands of Darcy. The two carry on a flirtation, although it never really goes anywhere. It’s revealed that his pleasant nature is only superficial: he’s actually greedy and selfish, spent all the money Darcy’s father left to him, and then tried to seduce Darcy’s sister in order to get access to her money. He later elopes with Lydia Bennet with no intention of marrying her, but is ultimately convinced to do so by Darcy’s persuasion and money. Charlotte Lucas Elizabeth’s closest friend Charlotte is the daughter of another middle-class gentry family in Meryton. She’s considered physically plain and, while she’s kind and funny, is twenty-seven and unmarried. Since she’s not as romantic as Lizzy, she accepts Mr. Collins’ marriage proposal, but carves out her own quiet corner of their life together. Caroline Bingley A vain social-climber, Caroline is well-off and ambitious to be even more so. She’s calculating and, though capable of being charming, very status-conscious and judgmental. Although she takes Jane under her wing at first, her tone quickly changes upon realizing her brother Charles is serious about Jane, and she manipulates her brother to believe Jane is disinterested. Caroline also views Elizabeth as a rival for Darcy and frequently attempts to one-up her, both to impress Darcy and to matchmake between her brother and Darcy’s sister Georgiana. In the end, she’s unsuccessful on all fronts. Mr. and Mrs. Bennet Long-married and long-suffering, the Bennets are perhaps not the best example of marriage: she’s high-strung and obsessed with marrying off her daughters, while he’s laid-back and wry. Mrs. Bennet’s concerns are valid, but she pushes too far in her daughters’ interest, which is part of the reason why both Jane and Elizabeth nearly lose out on excellent matches. She takes to bed with â€Å"nervous complaints† quite often, especially following Lydia’s elopement, but news of her daughters’ marriages perks her right up. Lady Catherine de Bourgh The imperious mistress of the Rosings estate, Lady Catherine is the only character in the novel who is aristocratic (as opposed to landed gentry). Demanding and arrogant, Lady Catherine expects to get her way at all times, which is why Elizabeth’s self-assured nature irritates her from their first meeting. Lady Catherine likes to brag about how she â€Å"would have been† accomplished, but she is not actually accomplished or talented. Her greatest scheme is to marry her sickly daughter Anne to her nephew Darcy, and when she hears a rumor that he is to marry Elizabeth instead, she rushes to find Elizabeth and demand that such a marriage never take place. She is dismissed by Elizabeth and, instead of her visit severing any ties between the couple, it actually serves to confirm to both Elizabeth and Darcy that the other is still very much interested.

Personal statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Personal Statement Example I also developed a strong attraction to law, particularly as it pertains to intellectual property, technology and healthcare. My bilingual and bicultural background enables me to more fully consider a problem and to more creatively generate and synthesize solutions. My professional experience in each culture has equipped me to exercise leadership with confident intention and cultural sensitivity. My cultural sense has been enhanced by travel in Europe and the Middle East. In addition to cultural, linguistic and organizational skills, I have gained recognition for persuasive speaking and official leadership in university social, business and law fraternities. A President’s Scholarship recipient and active member of two international clubs, I devote more than 20 hours each semester to charitable causes (Habitat for Humanity, animal refuge, parks). I am comfortable with people from every socio-economic background, and adapt myself appropriately. This has contributed to my strong presence with university faculty and student body. These are some of the critical factors signaling my readiness to study and practice law with a clear mind, mature judgment and social conscience.

Climate Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Climate - Assignment Example The main theme of this article is to offer detailed information regarding the harassment of the weather scientists by various sections of society, especially the fossil fuel industry. Since the scientific community has identified exploitation of fossil fuel as the main reason for global warming, this section of society has been prosecuting them on various levels, in spite of mounting evidence. Climate change can be broadly defined as the long-term time period shift in weather statistics including the average climate (NOAA, 2007). One of main concerns in environmental study is global warming with the continuous increase in temperature all over the world. It is also one of the topics that are hotly debated between various sections of the modern society (US National Academy of Sciences & the Royal Society, 2008). Mann begins by saying that weather scientists who are working in this area are gathering mounting evidences regarding the increase of surface warming all over the world. One such source is the thermometers that are monitoring the changes in hundreds and thousands of locations all over the world and recording those changes at a permanent location. The scientists are also getting indirect estimates from such sources as the ice cores as well as tree rings; for calculation of change in temperature during past years (US National Academy of Sciences & the Royal Society, 2008). Since last few decades, there are many theories that seek to explain the reason of the global warming such as the cycle of sun spots and changes in Earth climate, natural variability of the climate or changes due to human activity. Mann states that as per some climatologists, the main source of global warming is the sun spots and the 11 year Sun–cycle. The energy output of the Sun varies considerably depending on the abundance of some isotopes of beryllium or carbon atoms and number of sunspots. But, as per the evidence that

Space Tourism: A Look In The Past And Future

Space Tourism: A Look In The Past And Future Space tourism is tourism in which participants pay for flights into space. Space Tourism is the term thats come to be used to mean ordinary members of the public buying tickets to travel to space and back. Many people find this idea futuristic. But over the past few years a growing volume of professional work has been done on the subject, and its now clear that setting up commercial space tourism services is a realistic target for business today. Its a distinct category of space travel which also includes travel in space for work purposes to date, mainly by government staff. In recent years it has been observed that, although governmental space agencies are not interested in space tourism, it is an objective of development of space activities and will help considerably in funding the space operations or activity. A report published by NASA General Public Space Travel and Tourism in March 1998, endorses the idea of space tourism; pointed out that it is going to start sub-orbital flights; that it promises to be a much wider market that space launch. Although space tourism had come up in a number of science fiction stories, it is an astonishing fact that in almost none of them, tourism is portrayed as more than a small-scale activity greatly overshadowed by government space missions military operations, scientific research, defence, etc. This is a good example of how the Cold War pattern of space activities has paralyzed the publics imagination. That is, government organizations carrying out monopoly missions in space ostensibly for the benefit of the taxpayer and created a fixed image of what are space activities, which has dominated the imaginations of scientists and engineers, politicians, the media, and the general public for several decades. The price for a flight to the International Space Station is US$ 20-35 million. The space tourists or the spaceflight participants as called by few, usually sign contracts with third parties to conduct particular research while in orbit. This helps to minimize the expenses. Infrastructure is being developed for a suborbital space tourism industry through the construction of spaceports in various parts of the world, including California, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Florida, Virginia, Alaska, Wisconsin and Esrange in Sweden as well as the United Arab Emirates. Some prefer to use the term personal spaceflight as in the case of the Personal Spaceflight Federation. A number of startup companies have sprung up in recent years, hoping to create a space tourism industry. For a list of such companies, and the spacecraft they are currently building, see list of space tourism companies. Russia halted orbital space tourism since 2010 due to the increase in the International Space Station crew size, using the seats for expedition crews that would be sold to paying spaceflight participants. However it is planned to resume in 2012, when the number of single-use three-man Soyuz launches rises to five flights in a year. Dispute over the terminology of space tourists Dennis Tito, Mark Shuttleworth, Gregory Olsen, Anousheh Ansari and Richard Garriott have conveyed their desire to be called something other than space tourist. The reason accorded was that they carried out scientific experiments as part of their journey. Garriott has expressed his opinion to be called as private cosmonaut or private astronaut. Tito prefers to be known as an independent researcher and there are many terminologies proposed by others as well. Charles Simonyi is the only one who seems to have no issues about calling it space tourism. However, it is important to note here that even the Outer Space Treaty or the other relevant conventions do not provide with an appropriate definition. NASA and the Russian Federal Space Agency have agreed to use the term spaceflight participant to distinguish space travelers from astronauts on missions coordinated by the two agencies. There is a notion that space tourism has a potential of being burgeoning industry that could further the development and settlement of space and so a need to settle the objections on terminology. Growth of an Early Dream: Harnessing Potential The economic promise of space tourism has been discussed in some detail in earlier papers. Its potential to grow into a large-scale airline-like business was described in 1986  [1]  . Based on a wide range of related research that has been published in the intervening 20 years, the potentially important economic benefits were described with detailed supporting evidence in 2006  [2]  . The major points are summarized briefly here. The 2001 orbital flight by Dennis Tito on a Soyuz rocket demonstrated the remarkable fact that, despite having spent the equivalent of $1 trillion since the same type of rocket launched the first satellite in 1957, the government space agencies of the OECD have not reduced the cost of getting to space at all in half a century. Soyuz remains the cheapest and safest means of space travel. The 2004 flights of SpaceShipOne further demonstrated that sub-orbital flights could be made at a cost of about 1% of the expendable rockets used by space agencies, and that commercial passenger services could in principle have started in the early 1970s, if not earlier. From the economic point of view this would have been very desirable, creating new industries and employment. Consequently it is clear that governments space policies have been responsible for a delay of 40 years so far in exploiting space travel economically. Studies by Asford and Collins  [3]  , the Japanese Rocket Society ( JRS)  [4]  , the Space Transportation Association (STA) and NASA  [5]  , Ashford  [6]  , Bekey  [7]   Futron (for NASA)  [8]  and others have increasingly showed that space travel could grow into a large new business activity; that it could reduce the cost of traveling to orbit by 99% or more; and that this could lead on to other valuable activities such as CO2-free energy supply from space  [9]  . Reducing launch costs sharply would also enable large-scale economic development in space, contributing greatly to the resolution of global environmental problems, and removing the justification for resource wars by making the limitless resources of space economically accessible. It could also have important cultural benefits  [10]  . It is also important to recognize that, from an economic or business point of view, the space industry is today very unhealthy. Employment in rocket engineering in the USA fell from more than 28,000 in 1999 to less than 5,000 in 2002  [11]  , while European space industry employment fell by 20% from 1995 to 2005  [12]  . The bottom line is that, like any other industry, unless the space industry starts to supply services that can grow to be sufficiently popular with sufficiently large numbers of the general public to reach substantial economic scale, it cannot become a major commercial activity, and will continue to impose a heavy burden on taxpayers. Accruing Benefits: Advantages Research benefits For one it is an important to discuss as to why so much emphasis is given on space tourism and the purpose of space tourism. Space development, exploration as well as cultural renewal is the prospect of space tourism. The Space agencies have sufficient justification to contribute greatly to the development of space tourism, since it is their existing legal responsibility or the duty to encourage the commercial use of space. Such agencies could contribute in different ways which are closely related to their existing fields of work, which include appropriate research, technology development, education, and legal activities. The space agencies could possibly contribute through their research to short-term orbital stays by average people, treatment of minor-ailments in gravity and so on.  [13]   Till date no government space agency has provided more than minimal support for space tourism-related research, the resistance within space agencies is still far stronger than those favoring such efforts. This reluctance of government space agencies has adversely affected the budgets allocated to such activities which include space tourism. However, this situation is fast changing due to two ongoing trends. First is the worsening economic situation which has led to the increasing need for development of new industries to reduce world-wide unemployment. Thus there is a lot of economic potential in such commercial activities which should be beneficially utilized.  [14]   And secondly the participation of private players in space tourism activities is educating the public about such economically very valuable new space activities that could be developed without burdening space agencies budgets. Economic benefits Under democracy and capitalism, if there is substantial demand for a particular service which is not threatening to some sections of society, people and agencies freely supply it. However, the development of commercial space activities like space tourism services will provide great economic and social benefits for humanity than any business opportunity because of its potential to grow as large as aviation and even more.  [15]   It has been reported that many of those involved in government-funded space activities and also politicians view space tourism as a waste of money and resources or not worth investing in because the return on investment may be very low.  [16]  Tragically, space agencies themselves rather than the general public decide what technology is developed. As a result space activities remain a burden on taxpayers instead of a source of profit for the economy and the public loses interest in any kind of space development. This is a serious fallacy because in future such space tourism services have the potential to become a popular new branch of the leisure and travel industry with the help of advanced aerospace technology, the economic effects of the growth of such activities will be very positive, not only for companies but also for world economic progress and society as a whole. Moreover under its influence, space development will resume its natural meaning of economic development in space, instead of its present meaning of development of government-selected technology and there use in space, generally without economic benefit. Challenges Confronting Space Tourism Commercial space activities today are mainly limited to communications, broadcasting and observation satellites. The decline in the commercial demand for satellites has lead to contraction of the commercial space industry and also to the need to develop new space markets if the space industry is to grow. Since there is no other space activity that offers any greater potential for growth, space agencies anti-space tourism stand is growing increasingly untenable. Thus in line we have certain challenges that again pose a threat to the development and growth of space tourism. Cost is one of the biggest challenges as such space travel by tourists is limited only to rich people till now. OECD space agencies have spent approximately $1 trillion since 1961 without any reduction in the cost of getting to space at all. This clearly reveals that space agencies have not been trying to cut the cost of getting to space. The fact is that the space agencies do not know how the cost of space flight can fall, because they have not studied the possibility. This strongly suggests that the cost of access to space as performed by space agencies in orders of magnitude is higher than it needs to be.  [17]  As further evidence of this, NASA is proposing to expend $14 billion for developing an expendable capsule of comparable capability to the Apollo capsule 40 years before, though possibly carrying more passengers. This vehicle would have a cost many times high er than Soyuz and would have no economic value.  [18]   As a consequence, unless they accept that there is an urgent need to reduce costs as far as technology allows, and to observe space tourism as the only activity that offers to link the economic energy of consumer spending on space development, space agencies role in the future development and exploration of space is likely to shrink progressively. Ultimately, by reducing the cost of space activities, the development of space travel will lead to the permanent and progressive expansion of human culture into space However; this will also require institutional change. As already discussed that space agencies focus more on development of satellites and the recent decline of commercial demand for satellites has led to rapid contraction of the space industry, of which the annual revenues are now barely 2% of the $1 trillion of cumulative expenditure made by OECD space agencies to date.  [19]  Thus it has become a strong notion that the agencies spend every year on space activities which are neither profitable nor lead to development of commercial space activities. In summary, space agencies negative stance is not economically justifiable; it is based on political calculation. Thus any kind of political considerations as well as stance of politicians play a vital role in discouraging such activities. So all this needs to change and the space agencies should remember their statutory responsibilities. Insurance Industry and Space Activities Linked As space tourism matures, it shows a picture of tremendous opportunity for insurance companies to offer coverage to space travelers, a much similar activity to what they carry out in airlines. Neither in space law or air law has the contract of insurance been regulated on an international level. Space Insurance has, however been available from private sources from a number of years. Space Insurance concerns especially communication satellites. The first insurance satellite contract, written for Intesats Early Bird in 1965, provided pre launch coverage. Pre-launch coverage will cover risk associated with the manufacturing and transport of satellites, but cover for the launch itself is also available. The two forms may include the risk of loss or damage to the space object and the risk of loss or damage to the on-board equipment. Regarding the insurance of spacecraft, I would like observe the following: insurers play a very important role, reducing the financial risk, which will make p arties more willing to finance spacecraft. The problem is that the companies would like to see the result first  [20]  . International conference on space business, was organized as part of Bengaluru Space Expo 2010, where speakers scrutinized that since Yuri Gagarins flight in 1961, 38 citizens from all over the globe have flown in space. Most of the individuals till date who have flown either were astronauts, military personnel or scientists who have been expensively and extensively trained, but as of now, one will also see the emergence of space tourism with space access for private individuals. S Ramakrishnan, Director of ISROs Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre, said that apart from satellite and space launching sector, personal space flights, space tourism and other space tourism activities are emerging as a possible market for insurance industry. Ramakrishnan referred to the successful Spaceship-I venture, and the Spaceship-II which is expected to take place shortly. These initiatives are currently being catered to only select people who enjoy the adventure spirit; they are perhaps paving the way for possible sub-orbital trans-atmospheric passenger and cargo transportation systems with commercial potential in not too distant future. At a session on risk management for space ventures, it was pointed out that risk cover in space tourism is possible, and something we can imagine. It was also pointed by Ramakrishnan as to the change in policy direction in USA-NASA in handing over of the earth orbit transportation sector to private sector, which has also been taking separate and promotional initiatives in this regard. As space tourism matures into personal space transportation system, it can be foreseen that what happened in beginning of the airline business (when insurance players started offering insurance cover for passengers) is taking the same turn in space tourism. Executive vice-president of ISB, Tim Wakeman, speaking on risk and insurance solutions for space ventures in the 21st century, said, within India, the space industry is thriving and contributing around `10,000 crore(`100 billion) per annum to the Indian economy. He said it is a good time to buy insurance for spacecraft as market conditions are favorable with premium rates declining and availability of insurance capacity is going up three-four times the demand. While space venture promises huge returns with an evolving sector, the execution risks are far too high. Risks involved in space sector are related to industrial, technological, commercial, financial, legal and in particular, insurance. Officials said that the time is ripe to share the risks and returns with other stakeholders who plan to enter business in space activities. Also it was said that despite the recent economic depression, the global space industry remains robust and healthy, United States decision to emphasize on commercial resupply of the International Space Station and reallocation of fiscal resources from Space Shuttle or manned space to earth observations and exploration. Indias space industry is registering explosive growth, with many opportunities for indigenous and foreign suppliers to help further develop the countrys communications and positioning, among other things. The above statement was made by Tom Captain, vice-chairman, Deloitte LLP, Global Aerospace Defence Sector Leader. A report released by CII-Antrix-Deloitte during the conference said the spending in space activities is expected to increase by an average of 14.8 per cent annually in India over the next four years and estimated to be `10,000 crore (`100 billion) by 2014. India is ranked sixth currently; globally in terms of technological capabilities and space budget, behind the US, Europe, Japan, Russia and China, as mentioned in a New India Space Market Study. Legal Regulations concerning Commercial Activities in space In near future space tourism will become the domain of private enterprises. However, commercial activities not necessarily need non-governmental or private participation. But for some reason it is the private enterprises that have supported the idea of space tourism until now. Space Tourism revolves around public interest and public welfare which in turn creates a tremendous need for manpower. Thus the states should support and provide adequate platform to private enterprises. Now a big that follows is which law will govern such private enterprises carrying out such activities. National law and International law both can be made applicable. Here we will be focusing only on international regulations that govern such entities. However, this takes place in an indirect way i.e. government and non-government bodies sometimes delegate certain tasks on private enterprise, Therefore the legal conditions regarding private activities in outer space have to be examined. Relevant Space Law treaties, Agreement and Conventions. Outer Space Treaty of 1967 The Outer Space Treaty is taken as the backbone of international space law. When the said Treaty was created and came to force there was no clue as to direct private activities in outer space. Nevertheless the Outer Space Treaty does not disregard private activities in outer space altogether. Art. VI and IX of Outer Space Treaty can be referred in this context. Moreover Art. I of the treaty mention the freedom principle and include the right of free access, the right of free exploration, and the right of free use. This freedom is only granted to the States.  [21]   United Nations has also deliberated on this issue through its resolution 1962(XVIII) of the General Assembly entitled Declaration on Legal Principles Governing Activities of States in the exploration and use of Outer Space. On the same lines Soviets have also proposed that all activities of any kind pertaining to the exploration and use of outer space shall be carried out solely and exclusively by States.  [22]   The Outer Space Treaty also stipulates the principle of exploration and use of outer space and so space tourism comes within the scope of use in this context. It is important to note here that no provision in the treaty mentions commercial. Art. VIII of Outer Space Treaty gives jurisdiction, ownership and control over the space object and its personnel in outer space into states hands. Although the Outer Space Treaty mainly discusses States Parties it has a ruling effect on such activities by private enterprises. Art. VI of Outer Space Treaty stipulates a national State responsibility for outer-space-activities carried either by a governmental or private organization.  [23]  Thus risks of space tourism could finally fall on states and they can be held liable. Such a legal situation is not satisfying for the State Parties or for the private enterprises engaged in space tourism. Liability Convention The Liability Convention was created as a consequence of Art. VI Outer Space Treaty i.e. the responsibility-principle. Art. II of the Liability Convention makes the launching state absolutely liable to pay compensation for any kind of damage caused by its space object on the earth surface or to aircraft in flight.  [24]  Article III of liability convention and IV of Outer Space Treaty provide that if the damage is caused elsewhere other than the surface of the earth, the launching state shall be only liable in case the damage is due to its fault or the fault of persons for whom it is responsible which covers non-governmental entities as well. The launching state is absolutely liable and is liable in different degrees of fault, but in final consequence the state is liable for damage caused by a private enterprise.  [25]   This adversely affects space tourism as the states refuse to allow private enterprises to perform space tourism, or that states set up exaggerated requirements. However, the Liability Convention must be considered as insufficient with regard the aspect of settlement of claims. Therefore it is suggested that the potentially unlimited liability of states mentioned in liability convention should be replaced by an international agreement that stipulates a limited and guaranteed maximum-amount-liability for such activities. Registration Convention 1975 The Registration Convention has two main functions i.e. to coordinate launches and to ensure identification of the launching state in respect of the Liability Convention. Private enterprises that want to carry out space tourism have to comply with this procedure. The problem occurs when a launching state is not a Member State of the Registration Convention. Thus this problem needs to be resolved for avoiding any kind of conflict.  [26]   Further in line we have the Moon Agreement and the Rescue Agreement that can also be referred while dealing with the legal issues involved in space tourism. Taking into consideration the present situation where there is no specific law that deals particularly with space tourism and at the same time presence of insufficient laws on outer space make the situation worse. Thus there is an immediate need to enact legislation for commercial activities in outer space such that states supervise the outer-space-activities of their governmental organizations or private enterprises. Another solution is to create an international treaty that grants an equal standardization and leads to more transparency and reliability for private enterprises in space tourism or any other commercial activity in outer space. Environment concerns Environmental concerns in case of space tourism cannot be avoided and is a big area of concern. Space-touristic traffic can have an effect on the environment on earth. However, newly-developed transport-systems which resemble more like aircrafts will work more efficiently and therefore less polluting. Art. IX of Outer Space Treaty also talks about the preservation of celestial bodies environment that might be interfered by space tourism. Accumulation of debris can also pollute the outer space environment.  [27]   Thus keeping in mind the common-heritage-principle space tourism has to comply with environmental standards. Conclusion Humans have outgrown the Earth several decades ago. Now it is time to correct the view that deceived both government and the public into believing the myth that space is a barrier rather than being full of opportunities. There are prospects in future for the start of sub-orbital passenger space flight operations from newly- developed commercial spaceports. Thus in order to maximize the benefits of this opportunity the public in many countries have to compel their governments to make relevant institutional changes which are needed to overcome the long stagnation of space activities maintained by the space agencies only and their clients who profit from present arrangements. Space tourism contains aspects of space transportation, manned space flight, and commercialization of outer space. Considering the loopholes in the existing laws there is an immediate need for a regulation, be it a treaty, to deal and cover conflicts and disputes that may arise. On these lines, there have been efforts made to create an agreement, to mention one, e.g. the Draft Convention on Manned Space Flight. Moreover, the approach of international space law needs to be properly re-defined and reconsidered to enable private enterprises to directly perform such commercial activities. The time has come to recognize that, far from being an eccentric or even misguided fringe activity, space travel and tourism should already be the mainstream and it would have been but for the huge economic and social deviations caused by the cold war. But instead of being the passive victims of history specifically of unfortunate incidents such as the cold war which destroyed vast quantities of resources, killed millions of people, and seriously stunned the development of the space industry to turn the focus on missiles and expendable launch vehicles developed from them. Initially this increased the rate of development of expendable rockets capable of delivering heavy payloads to orbit, and thereby increased the rate of first crewed flights to orbit. The after effect of this, was, that, civilian space activities based on expendable vehicles became a victim of cold war politics, and are still dominated by government space agencies political agendas, rather than generating economic value. The growth of Space Tourism Movement, which can be reasonably called so, is going to have a huge beneficial cultural effect, which will widen human horizons as appropriate for the 21st century. Under its influence, space development is going to resume its original meaning of economic development in space, instead of its present meaning of development of government-selected technology for use in space, generally without economic benefit. And the space age will have its original meaning of the period when people go to space as passengers, customers, employees, operators, managers and tenants but for government employees. As such, tourism is not going to be just a small part of future space activity, a small-scale activity even made smaller by government space agencies it is going to be the mainstream and highlighted space activity. Already it should have been the main focus of the government agencies by now. It is an extraordinary and a non performing idea that private citizens trave ling to and from space should not be the main activity in space. The idea that government knows better than the general public as to how their money should be spent is fundamentally a Soviet one  [28]  . But even after consuming $1 trillion on government space activities with no commensurate economic benefit to taxpayers, it is high time for the general public to insist that this mistaken policy be reframed and their demands be made significant to space development, as they are in aviation industry. Research Methodology: Impact of US Press on Pakistan Research Methodology: Impact of US Press on Pakistan CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY APPROACHES Qualitative Qualitative research is exploratory, and it is used when we don’t know what to suppose, to describe the problem or develop a slant to the problem. It’s also used to go deeper into issues of interest and explore tones related to the problem at hand. Common data collection methods used in qualitative research is focus groups, in-depth interviews, continuous observation, bulletin boards, and ethnographic contribution/observation. Qualitative methods that pronounce the properties of an event associated to the creator, or by using the expressive interpretations of ironic experience. Qualitative researchers, through the participants own reference frame social phenomenon is dedicated to considerate and investigation of how the world experience. Qualitative methods is a basic feature of human communication language will persist and as close as possible to the interpretation and understanding of a key in the map. Common qualitative methods, participatory action research, interview, observation, and qualitative case study (Evans, 2007). QuantitativeQuantitative research is conclusive research in its determination as it attempts to measure the problem and understand how predominant it is by looking for projectable results to a larger population. In Quantitative research we collect data through surveys (online, phone, paper), assessments, points of consumption and click-streams. Quantitative research is systematic empirical study of social phenomena through statistical, numerical data or computational techniques, and mathematical. The determination of quantitative research is to produce and apply mathematical models, theories and/or assumptions pertaining to phenomena. In quantitative research procedure of measurements necessary because it creates the association among empirical observation and mathematical expression of quantitative relationships. Quantitative data is every data that is in mathematical form such as statistics, percentages, etc. (Lisa, 2008). In the field of media studies, analysis of framing can be a place where discourse analysis and content analysis, typically by combining qualitative and quantitative methods. (Neuendorf, 2002). In fact, main purpose of this study is to investigate the US Policy towards Pakistan and India and framing in American newspapers therefore researcher used qualitative as well as quantitative approach to analyze the inclination of US press towards Pakistan and India in the selected newspapers. For this purpose researcher used content analysis as method of study. Qualitative content analysis is a difficult and critical procedure for examining or evaluating the written material. This means that results covering a wide range of qualities have been attained using the method.Content analysis is a broadly used qualitative research technique. (Potter Levine-Donnerstein, 1999;Sandelowski, 1995a, Hsiehand Shannon, 2005) Content Analysis: Content analysis is a quantitative, systematic, and objective technique for describing the evident content of communications (Berelson, 1952). RESEARCH QUESTIONS This study will examine the inclusion of American press towards Pakistan and India in the US Editorial study, Studied the two leading US Newspapers the New York Times and the Washington Post. The reasons for the selection of these newspapers are the prestigious and leading newspapers of US. It is also said that these newspaper are the medium of expression of the American policy. Both newspapers have a strong professional reputation covering almost all of the important issues of the country as well as the important issues of the world. The main questions of the Study are: What are the impacts of the American press relevant to the Issues of Pakistan in their inclination towards India? What are the impacts of the American press related to the Issues in Pakistan in their inclination towards Pakistan? Research Design Hansen Cottle (1998) propose that researchers should not only consider which the most appropriate method for their study is but also what combination of research methods might produce a better and deeper understanding of it. The aim should always be to choose those methods, or combination of methods, which can elaborate the most angles and dimensions of what are invariably multidimensional and complex processes and phenomena (Hansen, A. Cottle, S. 1998). Keeping in view the nature and requirement of this study, content analysis, the study is mainly a content analysis, which observed both qualitatively and quantitatively the Inclusion of American press towards Pakistan and India In some issues in The â€Å"New York Times â€Å"and the â€Å"Washington Post† Last 3 Years Water issue Indo-Pak peaceful relations (Trade, Showbiz, Sports) Kashmir issue Gas Pipeline Nuclear power Terrorism Others/ Miscellaneous 4. Methodology Content analysis method is adopted to conduct this study because having limited time or resources researcher only can manage to observe the newspapers, other methods for this study are more time and resources consuming. Content analysis produces a relatively systematic and comprehensive summary of overview of the data set as whole, sometimes incorporating a quantitative element. (Reference) Content AnalysisBernard Berelson defined Content Analysis as a research technique for the objective, systematic, and quantitative description of manifest content of communications (Berelson, 74). Content analysis is a method for scientifically exploring written, oral or pictorial communication. It provides a quantitative (numerical) explanation. Many content analyses comprise media print (newspapers, magazines), video, movies, television, the Internet. Holsti (1969) compromises a comprehensive definition of content analysis as, any technique for making inferences by objectively and systematically identifying specified characteristics of messages (p. 14). Kerlinger (1986) has defined it as; content analysis is a method of studying and analyzing communication in a systematic, objective, and quantitative manner for the purpose of measuring variables, (cited in Wimmer, 1994:163-164) Content of the two newspapers, New York Times and Washington Post analyzed for this study for three year. (From January 2011 to December 2013) because data availability is possible in these years relevant to my topic that’s why I choice that specific time period. The reasons for the selection of these newspapers are the prestigious newspapers of US and also the medium of expression of the American policy. Both newspapers have a strong professional reputation covering almost all of the important issues of the country as well as the important issues of the world. The content analysis of the editorial is the †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Rationale for the Selection of the Two Newspapers† Ho (1962) defines prestige newspapers by two standards: (a) Quality of news reports; and (b) The influence on other media and political elites. According to this definition of prestige newspapers, The New York Times and The Washington Post are selected for this study both for quality and influence. According to Izadi (2007), The New York Times, and The Washington Post are deliberated prestige newspapers; and all two are amongst the main media outlets in the United States. He transcripts that these are also leading newspapers regarding the coverage of international events. 1.2. Population and Sampling: Population: Population is the broad class of units that are to be covered in a hypothesis and it can also be defined as the units to which the findings of a specific study might be generalized (Neuman). Target population is the aggregation of units from which sample is actually selected Population for this study will be all the editorials published in The New York Times and The Washington Post three year. Sampling: â€Å"A sampling element is the unit of analysis or a case in a population† (Neuman). A process of drawing representative elements from the larger population or universe is called sampling. Obvious advantage of sampling is especially savings in time and money. (Cited in Khel, 2000:48) By using purposive sampling researcher will take only those editorials which are related to the issues of Pakistan mentioned above. The editorials of the New York Times and The Washington Post were rescued from the E-Newspapers. January 2011 to December 2013. Editorials are deliberated the official view of a newspaper. According to Henry and Tator (2002), editorial study verifies to be very important when analyzing the ideological role of news media. The data for this research study include all editorials using the word -Pakistanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬- in the headline or lead paragraph in the selected newspapers from Jan 2011 to Dec 2013. Each editorial was coded in terms of topic, frame, Slant and length. Sample Size In this study sample size mean editorials related to US foreign policy towards Pakistan and India in certain time period for analysis. Researcher selected the time period from January 2011 to December 2013 and selected Newspapers are the New York Times and The Washington Post. Unit of Analysis In this study unit of analysis is editorial because newspaper consists on many content. Therefore, researcher selected the particular unit for study. Also broad unit creates the problem for researcher as well as credibility and validity. Time period All the editorials of the above mentioned newspapers from January 2011 to December 2013 are used in this study. Categories and DirectionsThe categories are the heart of the content analysis. The collection of the data becomes possible and easy through the structure of the categories. A category in content analysis is a set of criteria or a measure, which are integrated round a theme or a value (Sarandakos, 1998: 281). These Categories are prepared for the current study the following categories are helped to find and investigate the US inclination towards Pakistan and India during the selected time period and also explore the relationship between both countries are positive or negative, favor or disfavor, foe or friend in the perspective of American press. The categories are following: A. Gas Pipeline B. Kashmir Dispute C. Pak-Indo Peace Relation D. Water Issue E. Nuclear Power F. Terrorism G. Others/ Miscellaneous The editorials regarding the above mentioned categories are treated to check the following directions: Positive/Supportive/ Favorable (+)Negative/Critical/ Unfavorable (-)Neutral (1)Favorable Any editorial is considered â€Å"Favorable† (+) if its stance is positive about Pak-India relations. Unfavorable Any editorial is considered as â€Å"Unfavorable†, (-) which is negative in tone or its stance is negative about Pak-India relations. Neutral Any editorial is deliberated as â€Å"neutral† (0) if the content of the editorial portrays faint highlighting of an issue or shows a balance of both positive and negative arguments regarding Pak-India relations. Issues descriptions: War on Terrorism:Terrorism was an old phenomenon. About last two to three decades ago, terrorism was generally arose due to native issues and accompanied by small groups that coveted to draw consideration to their origin through terrorist actions. It was formulated to finish a few but catch the attention of huge spectators. Currently, Terrorism is an ideologically driven phenomenon, its agenda is not bound to one country, and it is universal in charisma. The multinational flora of terrorism has led the governments to adopt new policies and improve collective regional efforts. After the 9/11 activity in America, the American administration stated an international war on terror, including open and secret military operations, new safety regulation, determinations to slab the financing of terrorism, and much more. America called all other countries to join this war against terrorism emphasizing that â€Å"either you are with us, or you are with the terrorists. Most of the countries join this fight against terrorism, often implementing strict new laws, lifting long-standing legal protections and marching up native policing and intelligence work. Critics protest that the war against terrorism is an ideology of fear and repression that creates enemies and promotes violence rather than mitigating acts of terrorism and to strengthen the security. The global campaign has too often displaced an excuse for governments, opposition groups and ignores international law and civil liberties to be. Governments should combat terrorism through international cooperation with international law and respect for civil liberties and human rights. Governments should also consider the causes of terrorism, in particular political alienation address by prejudice, state-sponsored violence and poverty. Kashmir Dispute: Gas Pipeline Pak-Indo Peaceful Relation Nuclear Power Water Issue Others / Miscellaneous Operationalization 1.4. Data Analysis and Interpretation The following categories are to be analyzed for the study in hand where â€Å"A† represents â€Å"Nuclear Power† â€Å"B† represents â€Å"Kashmir Dispute† â€Å"C† represents â€Å"Pak-Indo Peaceful Relation† â€Å"D† represents â€Å"Water Issue† â€Å"E† represents â€Å"Gas Pipeline† â€Å"F† represents â€Å"Terrorism† â€Å"G† represents â€Å"others/ Miscellaneous†